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Share interests, spread happiness, increase knowledge and leave a beautiful future! Dear you, this is LearningYard. Today, the editor brings you an introduction to operational obstacles.
當發出訂單和完成訂單過程中的行為導致波動加劇時，運作障礙 就出現了。
Operational impediments arise when the behavior during the process of placing and fulfilling orders leads to increased volatility.
大批量訂貨 當公司發出訂貨的批量比需求的批量大得多時，訂單的波動就會沿著供應鏈向上不斷放大。公司大批量訂貨是因為訂單的發出、收貨或運輸的固定成本很大。當供應商基於批量大小給予數量折扣時，也會出現大批量訂貨。
Order in large quantities When the batch of orders issued by the company is much larger than the batch volume of demand, the fluctuation of orders will continue to amplify along the supply chain. The company orders in large quantities because the fixed costs of the order's sending, receipt or transportation are large. High-volume orders also occur when a supplier gives a quantity discount based on lot size.
補貨提前期長 如果各環節之間的補貨提前期較長，信息扭曲就會加大。以某零售商將某次隨機需求增長誤認為增長趨勢為例。如果零售商的補貨提前期為兩周，那麼它下訂單時會考慮兩周內的預期增長。然而，如果零售商的補貨提前期為兩個月，那麼它下訂單時會考慮兩個月內的預期增長。當需求的隨機減少被認為是減少趨勢時，其理亦然。
Long replenishment lead times If the replenishment lead time between the links is long, the information distortion will increase. Consider a retailer mistaking a random increase in demand for a growth trend. If a retailer has a replenishment lead time of two weeks, it takes into account the expected growth within two weeks when placing an order. However, if the retailer has a replenishment lead time of two months, it takes into account the expected growth within two months when placing an order. The same is true when a random decrease in demand is considered a decreasing trend.
配給和短缺博弈 配給方案，即將有限的產品按零售商所下訂單的大小比例進行分配，導致了信息扭曲的加大。這種情況通常發生在高需求產品的供給出現短缺時。一個通常使用的配給方案是基於所下的訂單對有限的產品供給進行分配。在這種方案下，如果供給量是接收總訂單量的75%，那麼每個零售商只能得到所下訂單量的75%。
The rationing and shortage game. Rationing schemes, in which limited products are distributed in proportion to the size of orders placed by retailers, lead to increased information distortions. This usually happens when there is a shortage of supply of high-demand products. A commonly used rationing scheme distributes a limited supply of products based on orders placed. Under this scenario, if the supply is 75% of the total orders received, each retailer will only receive 75% of the orders placed.
這種配給方案導致了一種博弈的出現，零售商為了增加供給給它們的產品數量會儘量提高訂貨批量。需要75單位產品的零售商會下100單位的訂單，從而期望得到75單位。這種配給方案的負面影響是人為放大了產品的訂貨批量。而且，基於預期銷售量進行訂購的零售商得到較少的供給，從而發生了失售，然而，放大訂單數量的零售商卻受益了。
This rationing scheme has led to a game in which retailers try to order batches in order to increase the quantity of products supplied to them. A retailer who needs 75 units of product places an order for 100 units in anticipation of 75 units. The negative effect of this rationing scheme is that it artificially amplifies the order batch size of the product. Moreover, retailers who ordered based on expected sales received less supply and lost sales, while retailers who enlarged the number of orders benefited.
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If you have a unique idea about today's article, you are welcome to leave us a message. Let's meet tomorrow. I wish you a happy day today!
翻譯：百度翻譯
參考文獻：《供應鏈管理》（第六版）
聲明：本文有LearningYard新學苑原創，圖片來自網絡，若有侵權請聯繫刪除！
排版&文案：鄧靖園
審核：閆慶紅