新北師大版
高中英語
第三冊
Unit 9
A
LESSON 1
課文再現
英漢對照
Active Learning
主動學習
by Kevin Daum
Most people assume that the human brain is set on 「automatic」—that means it learns all by itself. But this isn』t always true. We need to train ourselves to be better learners—to actively take part in the learning process and to reflect on what we have learnt. These kinds of learning behaviours are called 「active learning」. I suggest doing five things to take an active role in your learning.
很多人認為人類的大腦是「自動運行的」，這是說大腦能自動學習。但事實並非總是如此。我們需要訓練自己成為更好的學習者——積極參與學習過程並反思學到的東西。這些學習行為叫做「主動學習」。要做到積極主動地學習，我建議嘗試以下五件事。
1
There are two kinds of voices: the inner voice and the outer voice. Your inner voice expresses your personal opinions, while the outer voice tells you about opinions from what you hear or read. Although your inner voice can be useful, it can also get in the way of learning. If you keep paying too much attention to it, you risk missing important information. Instead, active learners are open-minded and focus on what the speaker / writer is saying, not on what their brain is saying in the background. In this way, they are in a better position to make decisions.
有兩種聲音：內心的聲音和外部的聲音。內心聲音表達你的個人意見，而外部的聲音告訴你關於聽到或者讀到的觀點。雖然你內心的聲音很有用，但它也可能妨礙學習。如果你一直過於關注它，就可能錯過重要信息。相反，主動學習者是開放的，專注於說話人或者作者所說的話，而不是自己的大腦在背景中說的話。通過這種方式，他們可以更好地做出決策。
2
If you find your inner voice difficult to control, you can argue with it as most active learners do. When your inner voice tells you a speaker / writer is wrong, think about why the speaker / writer may be right. Be flexible in your opinions and you might end up agreeing with the speaker / writer after all. If not, at least you have 「listened to」 another point of view.
3
Asking questions is the easiest way to promote active learning. When you get information from someone, from books or the Internet, ask two, three, even five questions about the topic. The answers will lead you to further learning, and the very act of working out questions will help you to achieve a higher level of understanding about the topic. In short: Do not stop being curious.
如果你發現內心的聲音難以控制，可以像大多數主動學習者那樣和它爭論。當你的內心聲音告訴你一個說話人或作者是錯誤的時候，想想為什麼說話人或作者可能是對的。靈活處理你的意見，你最終可能會同意說話人或者作者的觀點。如果沒有，至少你已經「聽過」了另一種觀點。
4
Active learners do not accept everything they learn. They attempt to find the truth at the heart of each idea. Even when an idea sounds entirely unlikely, there may be an aspect of it that is based on truth. So if someone says that dinosaurs still exist today, think about why they believe this. Where does the idea come from? Do they have enough data to support their views? If you try to find out the source of an idea, no matter how crazy it seems, you will increase your chance of learning something.
主動學習者不會全盤接受學到的東西。他們努力從每個觀點最核心的地方尋找真相。即使某個想法聽起來完全不可能，其中也可能有某個方面是基於事實的。因此，如果有人說現在還有恐龍，那就想想他們為什麼會相信這一點。這個想法來自哪裡？他們是否有足夠的數據來支持自己的觀點？如果你試圖找出一個想法的來源，無論這個想法看起來多麼不可思議，你都更有機會學到一些東西。
5
Many people miss out on learning opportunities because they let their feelings get in the way. They refuse to learn or ignore what is said because of who the speaker / writer is. It is true that we cannot help disliking some people—this is human nature, after all. But do not forget you can still learn from them. Active learners do not judge people based on first impressions or personal feelings. Instead, they separate the message from the messenger. This goes the other way as well—do not just assume that some people are always right because of who they are or just because they are your friends.許多人因為受到自己情感的阻礙而錯過了學習機會。他們因為說話人或作者的身份而拒絕學習或者忽視他們所說的內容。確實，我們難免會不喜歡某些人——畢竟這是人的本性。但不要忘記你仍然可以向他們學習。主動學習者不會根據第一印象或個人感受來判斷人。相反，他們將信息與信息提供者分開。反之亦然——不要僅僅因為某些人的身份或僅僅因為他們是你的朋友就認為他們總是正確的。