Jacksonport國家公園遊客中心：無限的回顧與展望

Jacksonport State Park Visitor Center / Polk Stanley Wilcox Architects

由專築網小R，吳靜雅編譯
來自建築事務所的描述：這座現代化遊客中心在過去成為了展示窗口，向人們展示了歷史上的港口城市，同時讓遊客感受河流與城市、現在與過去 。Jacksonport位於阿肯色州白河與黑河的交匯處，這是一座繁榮於19世紀的港口城市，為多達200名乘客的蒸汽船提供服務。就歷史與地理而言，這裡是密西西比三角洲的山脈融合點，可以通向阿肯色州和密西西比河，因此這裡也成為了美國內戰的戰略要塞，曾經受控於不同的部隊。
Text description provided by the architects. A modern Visitor Center serves as a window on the past, celebrating a historically significant port town, while lifting visitors above a levee to reunite river and town, past and present. Situated at the confluence of Arkansas' White and Black Rivers, Jacksonport was a thriving 1800’s port town serving steamboats that held up to 200 passengers. It’s a place of contradiction geographically and historically, where the Mississippi Delta meets the mountains. Because of its accessibility to the Arkansas and Mississippi Rivers, Jacksonport was a Civil War strategic stronghold, being held five different times by Union and Confederate forces and serving as each general’s headquarters.

另外，較為重要的是，Jacksonport是美國南部聯盟的阿肯色州投降地，在1872年，一座法院成為了城鎮的中心地區。後來，鐵路繞過這座城鎮，而河流商業也逐步衰竭，城市的發展陷入了困境。因毀滅性的洪水而建設的堤壩讓城市與河流分隔開。在上世紀60年代，為了保留歷史建築，一座全新的州立公園應運而生。但是，就視覺而言，遊客們仍然和河流分隔開。因此，建築師的任務是設計一座具有功能的遊客中心，讓河流與城市、現在與過去聯繫得更加緊密。

Most importantly, Jacksonport was the location of the Confederacy’s surrender of Arkansas. In 1872 a beautiful Courthouse became the town’s centerpiece and county seat. When the railroad bypassed Jacksonport and river commerce waned, the town suffered. Devastating floods led to levee construction that forever separated town from river. In the 1960s, to save from demolition the only historically significant structure left, the courthouse, a new State Park was established. Visitors, however, were still separated visually from the river. While our task was to design a functional Visitor Center, our challenge was to create a stage to experience and engage both river and town, past and present.

公眾其實期待看到諸如輪船、19世紀酒店、倉庫、碼頭等設施的修復，但是由於河堤對於場地的影響，這使得公眾的焦點轉向了歷史。那麼，從空間與視覺上，強調河流與公園之間的聯繫，則成為了這個項目的主要目標。戰爭的歷史保留了阿肯色州另一種歷史結構特徵，即「dog-trot」風格。而這座全新的遊客中心應用了這種形式，一個玻璃體量連接著場地，就像是一座橋體，其下側是分開的兩個空間，這象徵著統一。

Public charettes revealed expected desires for replicating structures like a steamship, an 1800’s saloon/hotel, or a dock & warehouse…but the inability for authenticity within the present site drastically altered by the levee changed the focus from 「being seen」 to 「seeing history」. Lifting the park physically and visually (even with Corps of Engineers restriction of not building within 15』 of the levee) to see both river and park simultaneously became paramount. The War’s history, two entities becoming one, generated a diagram drawn from another historic Arkansas structure, the 「dog-trot」. Conceived as a modern dog-trot, the new Visitors Center juxtaposes two glass cubes imbedded in the earth representing the divided North and South under one roof connected by a bridge...a symbol of reunification.

在下部，灰空間室外教室讓遊客們可以向上攀爬，越過河堤欣賞遠方河流的美景，將人們的視線延伸到水面。建築構成了三種不同的展覽空間，分別給人們帶來不同的體驗，首先，在河流展區，人們可以俯瞰港口，在城鎮展區，人們可以俯瞰公園，而在內部展區，人們可以通過顯示器欣賞各種作品。三個獨立的金屬與木質體量分別代表了展覽、電梯、服務區域，它們相互結合在一起，在其外部構成流線，這就如同曾經港口的蒸汽船。

Underneath, a covered outdoor classroom allows visitors to climb above levee height to view the river for the first time since levee construction, extending the park experience visually to the water. The center creates three distinct second-level exhibit experiences: The river gallery overlooking the port, the town gallery overlooking the park/courthouse, and the inner exhibit gallery sheltering light-sensitive displays. Three free-standing metal and wood-clad volumes (gallery, elevator, and service) are inserted like cargo, allowing perimeter circulation with views along the glass exterior much like the steamships that once graced the port.

屋面為張力自由跨度結構，表達了輪船的拉杆意象。有一定深度的鋁製遮陽板可保護著展品，擴大了人們的視野，減少邊緣範圍。另外，建築師還將護坡道用作草地劇院，入口廣場上種植有6棵樹木，這代表了將近6000人次的阿肯色州人，他們過往的不幸結束於此地。就外部而言，簡約但且精緻的玻璃幕牆構成了優雅的平台，連接公園與河流，這座遊客中心就如同密斯式「dog-trot」」風格，人們能夠在這裡感受過去，同時了解當地的歷史價值。
The roof’s expressed tension rod structure free spans the building, a homage to a steamship’s cable-stayed details. An 8』 deep aluminum shade protects exhibits, maximizing views, extending the roof and minimizing its edge. A berm acts as lawn theater, while the entrance plaza’s grove of six trees represents almost 6000 Arkansans whose war ended in this place. The visually simple but rigorously detailed glass enclosure creates an elegant platform that recedes into the levee from the park’s historic structures. We call the Visitor Center our 「Miesian dog-trot」, but it’s really a platform to see and experience the past, and more importantly understand the value of our state’s history.

建築設計：Polk Stanley Wilcox Architects
地點：美國，阿肯色州
類型：遊客中心
面積：12000.0平方英尺（約1114.8平方米）
項目時間：2019年
攝影：Timothy Hursley
製造商：3form, Acme Brick, Atas International, Isokern, Kawneer, McNichols, Sherwin Williams, McBride Stone Company
客戶：Arkansas State Parks
室內設計：Polk Stanley Wilcox
機械、電力、管道：Pettit & Pettit Consulting Engineers
結構工程：Engineering Consultants, Inc.
土木工程：McClelland Consulting Engineers
景觀設計：Ecological Design Group
展覽設計：Taylor Studios Inc.
Architects: Polk Stanley Wilcox Architects
Location: Newport, Arkansas 72112, United States
Category: Visitor Center
Area: 12000.0 ft2
Project Year: 2019
Photographs: Timothy Hursley
Manufacturers: 3form, Acme Brick, Atas International, Isokern, Kawneer, McNichols, Sherwin Williams, McBride Stone Company
Owner: Arkansas State Parks
Interior Design: Polk Stanley Wilcox
Mechanical, Electrical, Plumbing: Pettit & Pettit Consulting Engineers
Structural Engineering: Engineering Consultants, Inc.
Civil Engineering: McClelland Consulting Engineers
Landscape Architecture: Ecological Design Group
Exhibit Design & Fabrication: Taylor Studios Inc.

【專築網版權與免責聲明】：本網站註明「來源：專築網」的所有內容版權屬專築網所有，如需轉載，請註明出處