日本和韓國是咱們亞洲兩大鄰國，這兩個國家多年來，和中國的關係時好時壞，特別是日本，今年是中日邦交 50 周年，但恰恰在這個時候，日本的新政府上台以後緊抱美國大腿。包括韓國的新政府，都是以美日，美韓安全同盟作為發展雙邊關係的根基，這樣一來，日韓兩國就成了美國在印太地區實施印太戰略的棋子，這導致三國關係既重要又複雜。在美版知乎Quora上，韓國網友提問道：韓國人更加偏愛中國還是日本？這引起各國網友的關注和熱議，我們看看他麼的觀點。
We have quite complicated views on the two neighboring countries closest to South Korea.
我們對離韓國最近的這兩個鄰國有著相當複雜的看法。
The written history of North Korea began 1000 years ago, describing the splendid civilization established by the ancient nations on this land. Due to proximity, interaction with China and Japan is inevitably frequent.
朝鮮的書面歷史始於一千年前，描述了這片土地上古老民族建立的燦爛文明。由於鄰近，與中國和日本的互動不可避免地頻繁。
Since many people have explained their relations with China or Japan, I just want to focus on answering your questions.
由於許多人已經解釋過了與中國或日本的關係，我只想重點回答你的問題。
<中國>
In the traditional etiquette norms of the Korean Dynasty, China was the suzerain of Korea. If you look at the history of wars between the dynasties established in China and the countries established on the Korean Peninsula, the context of relations between the two countries will be clearer. In addition to the invasion of Gaogouli by Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty in 645 AD, the invasion of the Mongol Yuan Dynasty during the Gaoli Dynasty in 1231-1259 AD, and the Manchu Qing Dynasty's invasion of Korea in 1636 AD. For thousands of years, the interaction between the dynasties in the territory of North Korea and China is basically peaceful.
在朝鮮王朝的傳統禮儀規範中，中國是朝鮮的宗主國。如果你看看在中國建立的王朝和在朝鮮半島建立的國家之間的戰爭史，兩國的關係脈絡會更加清晰。除了公元645年唐太宗的入侵高句麗、1231-1259年高麗王朝時期蒙元王朝的入侵，以及1636年清朝對朝鮮半島的入侵。數千年來朝鮮和中國領土上的王朝之間的互動，你可以說這基本上是和平的。
However, in the 40 years after the Korean War, China has been relatively estranged from South Korea. Because of our long-standing opposition to North Korea, China has become a forbidden area for South Koreans. In the last century, due to the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union, China has been demonized by the European, American and Korean governments for a long time. I was educated in school and was indoctrinated that all Chinese are evil, which is absurd.
但是，在韓戰後的40年裡中國一直與韓國相對疏遠。由於我們與朝鮮的長期對立，中國成為了韓國人的禁區。上個世紀，由於美蘇冷戰，中國長期被歐美和韓國政府妖魔化，我在學校里接受教育並被灌輸認為所有中國人都是邪惡的，這太荒唐了。
When China and South Korea established formal diplomatic relations in 1992, South Korea was developing, while China was just beginning to become the world factory. From the late 1990s to around 2010, South Korea benefited a lot from having the largest population market in the world. During that period, China, as a neighboring country, had close economic and trade exchanges with China. Our economy grew significantly and our relations progressed smoothly. For many Korean companies, China is a huge market - cosmetics, electronic products, food, fashion, K-Drama, K-Movie, K-entertainment. In all aspects, China has provided us with cheaper labor and purchased a large number of Korean products. However, before and after the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, the situation has changed.
當中韓兩國在1992年通過建立正式外交關係時，韓國正在發展，而中國剛剛開始成為世界工廠。在20世紀90年代末至2010年左右，韓國因為擁有世界上最大的人口市場而受益匪淺。在那個時期，中國作為鄰國，兩國經貿來往密切，我們的經濟大幅增長，關係進展順利。對許多韓國公司來說，中國是一個巨大的市場——化妝品、電子產品、食品、時尚、K-Drama、K-Movie、K-entertainment。在各個方面，中國為我們提供了更便宜的勞動力，也購買了大量的韓國產品。然而，2008年北京奧運會前後，情況發生了變化。
China has emerged as the engine of the world economy and demonstrated its economic success to the world through the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. From the 1990s to the 2010s, everything they learned as a world factory made them operate independently. Relations between South Korea and China have also stalled. Especially because of the poor political management of President Park Geun hye, South Korea failed to mediate the complex relationship between the United States and China, and China closed their market in response to our allowing the United States to deploy Thad in South Korea.
中國已經崛起為世界經濟的引擎，並通過2008年北京奧運會向世界展示了經濟上的成功。從上世紀90年代到2010年代，他們作為世界工廠所學到的一切，讓他們開始獨立經營。韓國和中國的關係也陷入停滯。特別是由於朴槿惠總統的政治管理不善，韓國未能調解美中之間複雜的關係，中國關閉了他們的市場，作為對我們允許美國在韓國部署薩德的回應。
Therefore, like many aspects of South Korea, although the relationship between South Korea and China has been quite active in the past 30 years, there have been many contradictions in the relationship between its people.
因此，就像韓國的許多方面一樣，過去30年中，韓國與中國的關係雖然相當活躍，但其人民之間的關係卻存在諸多矛盾。
In the early 2000s, when I was studying at school, almost all Korean universities and colleges were busy learning Chinese and training Chinese experts among Korean students. I learned Chinese and its modern history with extremely difficult materials. In 2002, when I first came to China, I bought a large number of Chinese classical books from Chinese bookstores.
2000年代初，當我在學校學習時，幾乎所有的韓國大學和學院都在忙於學習中文，並在韓國學生中培養中國問題專家。我用極難獲得的材料學習了漢語及其現代史。2002年，我第一次來到中國，從中國的書店購買了大量的中國古典叢書。
But in the 2010s, after Thad, everything stopped and all efforts to learn China and Chinese became outdated. Koreans are bored. With the development of the Chinese media, the Chinese people also began to burst out of emotion towards South Korea and the Korean people.
但在2010年代，薩德之後，一切都停止了，所有學習中國和漢語的努力都變得過時了。韓國人產生厭煩情緒。隨著中國媒體的發展，中國人也開始對韓國和韓國人民爆發出情緒。
China is not the China we knew ten years ago. They became richer and began to travel around the world. They began to acquire global enterprises. They have invested in or acquired world famous football clubs, such as AC Milan, Inter Milan, Atletico Madrid and Arsnar.
而中國已經不是我們十年前認識的那個中國了。他們變得更加富有，開始週遊世界。他們開始收購全球企業。他們投資或收購了世界著名的足球俱樂部，如義大利的AC米蘭、國際米蘭、馬德里競技、阿爾斯納爾。
In the eyes of the Chinese, South Korea has returned to its original position - power's younger brother. But this little brother is standing next to another big brother he is competing for - America.
在中國人看來，韓國回到了原來的位置——大國的小弟。但這個小弟站在另一個他競爭的大哥旁邊——美國。
This is the current situation. Korea was, is and is a small country, geographically located among the largest powers in the world in history. Sometimes, those who have a little knowledge of our history will want to know how we survived in the long years, maintaining our own culture, language and history.
這是目前的情況。韓國過去、現在和現在都是一個小國，在地緣上位於歷史上世界上最大的大國之間。有時，那些對我們的歷史稍有了解的人會想知道，我們是如何在漫長的歲月中倖存下來的，保持著自己的文化、語言和歷史。
Many Koreans who know China look at China with concern, just as many Chinese who know South Korea look at South Korea with concern, and hope that we will take wise actions between the United States and China.
許多了解中國的韓國人用關切的眼光看待中國，正如許多了解韓國的中國人用關切的目光看待韓國，並希望我們在美中之間採取明智的行動。
In the long history of South Korea, if we cannot grasp the balance between China and the United States, we will always face difficult times.
在韓國漫長的歷史中，如果我們不能把握在中美兩個大國中間的平衡，我們總會面臨艱難的時光。
American businessman Ray Dalio recently published his new book, Changing the World Order. He pointed out that this is a critical moment for all mankind, because the rise of China is inevitable. Just as the Dutch Empire handed over power to the British Empire, the British Empire handed over power to the United States. Now, the world order is changing.
美國商人雷·達利歐最近出版了他的新書《改變世界秩序》。他指出，現在是全人類的關鍵時刻，因為中國的崛起是不可避免的。就像荷蘭帝國將權力移交給大英帝國，英帝國將權力交給美國，現在，世界秩序正在改變。
Now, South Korea is vulnerable to the typhoon. We could be swept away at any time. As a whole, there are many Chinese who are smart and considerate, but there are also arrogant and reckless people. The problem is that if 1% of a country is arrogant and reckless, with the same proportion, China will have 15 million, while South Korea will only have 500000.
現在，韓國正脆弱地站在颱風的中心。我們隨時可能被捲走。作為一個整體，有很多中國人是聰明和體貼的，但也有傲慢魯莽的人。問題是，如果在一個國家有1%是傲慢和魯莽的，同比例下，那麼中國將有1500萬，而韓國僅有50萬。
I love Chinese culture and its achievements in human history, but I'm worried now.
我熱愛中國文化及其在人類歷史上的成就，但我現在很擔心。
<日本>
Japan formally occupied the Korean Peninsula for 36 years. They have done many cruel things to South Korea and other Asian neighbors. But they never formally apologized. Even though Fuji Murayama and other prime ministers formally apologized, many were overthrown with the change of those in power.
日本正式占領朝鮮半島36年。他們對韓國和其他亞洲鄰國做了很多殘忍的事情。但他們從未正式道歉。即使村山富士等首相正式表達了道歉，但隨著當權者的更迭，許多被推翻了。
Since the beginning of the new millennium, Japan has made many unreasonable and bad choices. Since the end of the 19th century, Japan has surpassed South Korea for 100 years. But with a series of bad choices made in the IT revolution of the new millennium, the Japanese economy began to stagnate. Because of this, South Korea has replaced Japan in many aspects and become a technological power. But Japan is still strong. Although Korea has become one of the top IT products and service providers in the world, Japan has occupied a large part of the B2B market in these IT fields, and Samsung also relies on Japanese machines and materials.
自新千年開始以來，日本做出了許多不合理和糟糕的選擇。從19世紀末開始，日本超過韓國100年。但隨著在新千年IT革命中做出的一系列糟糕選擇，日本經濟開始停滯。正因為如此，韓國在許多方面取代了日本，成為了技術強國。可日本仍然強大，儘管韓國成為世界上頂尖的IT產品和服務提供商之一，但日本在這些IT領域占據了B2B市場的很大一部分，三星也依賴於日本的機器和材料。
For my generation, different from the previous generation (born in 1978) above my age, we have no feelings about Japan except that we hate them for never apologizing for their past mistakes and trying to erase the memory of aggression from the minds of their younger generation. Our younger generation has no interest in Japan. For those born in Korea before the 1980s, we have experienced a decade dominated by Japanese products - the 1990s. All the good things come from Japan. All progress is Japanese. But since 2000, Koreans have used Korean products. South Koreans play computer games in the United States and South Korea. The Japanese are only more successful in comics, costumes, characters and anime.
對於我這一代來說，與我這個年齡以上的前一代（1978年出生）不同，除了厭惡他們從不為過去的錯誤行為道歉，並試圖將侵略歷史記憶從他們年輕一代腦海里抹殺掉以外，我們對日本沒有任何感覺。我們的年輕一代對日本毫無興趣。對於20世紀80年代之前出生在韓國的人來說，我們經歷了日本產品主導的十年——20世紀90年代。所有的好東西都來自日本。一切進步都是日本的。但從2000年開始，韓國人使用韓國產品。韓國人玩美國和韓國的電腦遊戲。日本人只在漫畫、服裝、明星、動漫和上比較成功。
Therefore, our young generation do not understand why Japan's performance is superior to that of South Korea, although South Korea does not believe that South Korea is superior to Japan. Japan is a big country with a strong economic background and assets. Japan has many good things, and its people are also very friendly. We like to travel in Japan.
所以，我們年輕一代不明白為什麼日本的表現比韓國優越，儘管韓國並不認為韓國優於日本。日本是一個擁有強大經濟背景和資產的大國。日本有很多好東西，它的人民也很友善，我們喜歡在日本旅行。
Until the summer of 2019, the Japanese Prime Minister announced that he would stop exporting three important materials made in Japan to South Korea, which is crucial for Samsung and SK Hynix to produce semiconductor semiconductors. Everyone in South Korea is wondering what the reason is? How do exporters stop exporting? Are they idiots. Of course, it has produced some negative effects, but not too much. Samsung and SK Hynix are further expanding their business and have successfully replaced the products that Japan has stopped exporting with domestically produced materials. Japan has given Korean SMEs the opportunity to supply Samsung and Hynix.
直到2019年夏天，日本首相宣布將停止向韓國出口日本生產的3種重要材料，這對三星和SK海力士生產半導體半導體至關重要。韓國的每個人都在想到底是什麼原因？出口商如何停止出口？他們是白痴嗎。當然，它產生了一些負面影響，但不是太大。三星和SK海力士正在進一步擴大業務，並成功地用國內生產的材料取代了日本停止出口的產品。日本給了韓國中小企業供應三星和海力士的機會。
Therefore, since then, Koreans have never been to Uniqlo, and more than half of its stores have closed. I also liked Uniqlo before, but I never went there again. I went to a Korean store similar to Uniqlo.
因此，從那時起，韓國人就再也沒有去過優衣庫，超過一半的優衣庫商店都關門了。之前我也喜歡優衣庫，但我再也沒有去過那裡，我去的是類似優衣庫的韓國商店。
In the summer of 2019, we plan to take the first overseas family trip. Our preferred destination is Japan. But after the export ban, we turned to Beijing, China. This is even more inconvenient because we need a Chinese visa instead of a Japanese visa. But we had a good time. Although my 16-year-old nephew said to me frankly, "Although I want to go to Japan, I can't go!"
2019年夏天，我們計劃進行第一次海外家庭旅行。我們的首選目的地是日本。但在出口禁令之後，我們將目標轉向了中國北京。這更不方便，因為我們需要中國簽證，而不需要日本簽證。但是，我們玩得很開心。雖然我16歲的侄子對我直言道：「我雖然想去日本，但我不能去！」
As far as I know, many people in South Korea will think as I described above. It is not a matter of one person liking one country but not another. I love Japan, but I hate what they do (politicians and some people). I just participated in the national campaign against Japan in my own name.
據我了解，韓國的很多人都會像我上面描述的那樣思考。這不是一個人喜歡一個國家而不喜歡另一個國家的問題。我愛日本，但討厭他們的所作所為（政客和一些人），我只是以個人的名義參加了抵制日本的全國運動。
I'm sorry to have told such a long story on this simple question. Maybe I like Yin Yang philosophy too much: everything has a bright side and a dark side.
我很抱歉在這個簡單的問題上講了這麼長的故事。也許我太喜歡陰陽哲學了：任何事物都有光明的一面和黑暗的一面。
So I love China and Japan as well. I hope we can always have peace and travel freely without any trouble, just like the peace between the United States and Canada for 150 years. But to achieve this, there are many things to be solved. Now we are in a dilemma, and no one knows when it will end.
所以，我同樣愛中國和日本。我希望我們能永遠和平，自由旅行，沒有任何麻煩，就像美國和加拿大150年來的和平一樣。但要做到這一點，有很多事情需要解決，現在我們正處於困境，而且沒人知道何時結束。
各國網友評論：
The world is changing at unprecedented speed and the situation between South Korea, the US, China and Japan is also changing so fast from the time I wrote above article.
世界正在以前所未有的速度變化，從很多作者撰寫的文章來看，韓國、美國、中國和日本之間的局勢也在迅速變化。
I hope the US and China work together to make this world better, not to destroy peace and increase tension around the world.
我希望美國和中國共同努力，讓這個世界變得更好，而不是破壞和平，加劇世界各地的緊張局勢。
Candid, truthful exposition! Kudos to you!
坦率、真實的陳述！向你致敬！
What do you feel about the continued presence of US military and US interference in SK’s future? I read what you wrote about being stuck between 2 great powers, but one of the great power does not have its military in your land and are dictating your futures.
你對美軍在日本及韓國的持續存在和美國對SK未來的干涉有什麼看法？我讀過你寫的關於被困在兩個大國之間的文章，但其中一個大國在你的土地上沒有軍事力量，另一個正在主宰你的未來。