©ZHIYI
[ 廟涇河中央水廊西段向東鳥瞰，畫面中央雙橋處為廟涇河，兩側水道為過去作為輸水渠道所需建的南北護堤河。]
[ Miaojing River Water Corridor Bird’s Eye West Section Toward East. The central river with twin bridges is the Miaojing River. The protection canals at both sides were built for the aqueduct purpose in the past. ]
崑山與廟涇河
Kunshan & Miaojing River
崑山作為傳統的江南水鄉，綿密的水系已經伴隨著城市的成長，從灌溉與交通，到創建公園城市宜居、創新、旅遊等多個面向，關鍵的生態基礎設施。崑山城西位於自然的魁儡湖與老城中心之間，南北向的開放空間軸聯繫著大漁湖、森林公園、體育場館等重要的公共設施。在上位的生態綠道規劃下，廟涇河屬於陽澄湖東側生態廊道的一部分，東西向聯繫著魁儡湖水源地、森林公園、與老城區，過去的多年一直擔負著供給民生用水的輸水渠道，南北兩側的護堤河伴隨著濃密的防護林帶因此而生，也在發展後的城市的核心區域留下了難得的大片綠地。
20 km northwest of Shanghai lies Kunshan City. With a rich history as a watertown, Kunshan is woven together by its waterways resulting in 8,000 hectares of Kunshan being covered by water. This extensive infrastructure of canals has driven the development of the city from years of irrigated farming to an economy now that produces 70% of its GDP from innovative industries.
Kunshan West has been a growing region between the natural preserved area of Kuilei Lake and the old town city center. An existing North-South core axis links major public open space amenities that include a large retail center at Central Lake, Forest Park, as well as sports and commerce centers to the south. Yangcheng Lake East Ecological Corridor runs West to East at the north of Forest Park, connecting Kueilai Lake Reservoir to the central old town. Part of the large ecological connection, Miaojing River Central Water Corridor worked as the aqueduct, serving the municipal water to the majority of the population in Kunshan. Two water channels were formed at both sides of the Miaojing River to protect it from the adjacent runoffs and trees were densely planted as the buffer, resulting in this unique and large green area in the heart of the already developed urban setting.
©PLAT
[ 崑山城西整體城市框架 ]
[ Overall Urban Framework of Kunshan West ]
©PLAT
[ 廟涇河改造前鳥瞰，遠處為崑山中心城區的地標亭林園，攝於2017。]
[ Bird’s Eye of Miaojing River before the construction toward East, with Tinglin Park and Central Old Town in the background, 2017. ]
設計策略
Strategy
在輸水渠道地下管線化之後，廟涇河迎來了重新定位並且開放給公眾的機遇。2017年規劃設計任務啟動初期，深入現場的設計與甲方團隊都驚艷於城市中自然所帶來的空間上與感受上的震撼。但儘管場地當中的綠意豐富，密植的防護林帶、單一的林相、以及濱水植物層次的缺乏，都顯示了生態重建的需要性。鑑於此，項目不在突出吸睛的設計手法，而在於最大地尊重與保留現有場地的自然、幽靜、詩意等特質的同時，合宜地加入服務人群的場所，將其打造為崑山城西具有公共性的生態脊柱，對城市發揮其最大的生態系統服務性 (Ecosystem Services)。
Miaojing River encountered the opportunity to become an open space for the public after the city implemented the piping system to replace the function of aqueduct. However, the isolation of this corridor had produced a variety of issues. Highly dense forests with linear belts of single species of trees compete for resources resulting in low diversity and a lack of accessibility into the understory. An unhealthy riparian habitat can additionally be observed as a result of steep slopes on the banks of each channel.The overall design objective focuses on turning this hidden treasure into a public ecological 「spine」 of the Kunshan West District, while preserving its existing natural, untouched, and poetic character.
©ZHIYI
[ 廟涇河中央水廊項目往西鳥瞰，連接西部魁儡湖 、森林公園(畫面左下)、以及南北地塊。]
[ Miaojing River Central Corridor Bird's Eye Toward West. It connects Kuilei Lake, Forest Park (Lower Left), and the north, south neighborhoods. ]
在關鍵的路口設置了進入的節點，搭配停車、腳踏車出租、輕食、以及休息的區域，用以連接南北兩側的區域。連續的慢行系統東西向貫穿連結魁儡湖區域與森林公園，同時與中央的水體保持一定的距離，弱化人為活動對生態的干擾。項目也設計了跨河的橋樑與下穿的通廊，用以接續被既有道路網絡與水系截斷的動線體系。所有的慢行道兩側都在整體的低衝擊雨水管理策略下，利用雨水花園等海綿設施，搭配透水的彩色混凝土，實現可持續的目標。
Entries with parking, bike rental, cafe kiosks, and resting areas are introduced at key intersections to connect north, and south neighborhoods. The continuous trail system connects Kuilei Lake Area to Forest Park, while keeping its distance to the central waterway, to minimize the impact to the existing vegetation. Bridges are designed as part of the trail system. Tunnels and Underpath are placed for areas being cut-off by the city's street grid. All the surfaces are designed to be permeable, and elevated at the possible areas.
©KCID, PLAT
[ 全區示意圖 ]
[ Overall Design Diagram ]
©PLAT
[ 通達性策略 ]
[ Accessibility Strategy ]
©ZHIYI
[ 雙橋：前景為項目所建的慢行新橋，背景為水利農耕時期使用、而後在輸水道時期停用的舊橋。]
[ Twin Bridges: New Bridge was built by this Project for connecting bike trails. The old bridge in the back was used when Miaojing River was an irrigation canal for farming. It was then abandoned during the aqueduct stage. ]
©PLAT
[ 森林棧道概念設計效果圖 ]
[ Forest Boardwalk Concept Rendering ]
©KCID
[ 森林棧道 ]
[ Forest Boardwalk ]
©ZHIYI
[ 慢行系統下穿市政道路 ]
[ The under-path connecting the trails through vehicular streets. ]
項目在現有的植物基礎上，創建了多樣的生態環境。現有的單一品種林地經過梳林的過程，連同慢行道沿線，依據場地條件引進復層的植被，重建一個健康的森林生態。在現有的林間開闊區域利用不同的草本地被創造濕草甸的區域，部分的濱水區域利用緩坡打造更為優質的濕地。以這樣多樣與健康的生態區域，提升城市的韌性，降低城市化的環境影響。
Diverse ecological zones are created in this almost mono-cultured forest. To create healthier forest ecology, multi-layered vegetation is introduced along the trails, and in areas where the existing densely planted trees are thinned out. Variety of grasses are seeded at the open fields to create wet prairie. Selected water edges are re-graded for a gentler slope for additional wetland planting. Bioswales are implemented along both sides of the trails as part of the overall low-impact stormwater management strategy. The overall elevated ecological services improve the resilience of the city and mitigates the urbanization of this region.
©PLAT
[ 林地生態再造策略 ]
[ Reforestation Ecological Strategy ]
©ZHIYI
[ 水杉林與林下植物層的重新引入 ]
[ Metasequoia Forest and the re-established under-canopy vegetation. ]
©ZHIYI
[ 林間開闊區域的濕草甸引入了多樣的草本與地被植物 ]
[ Various of herbaceous groundcover was introduced to the open field between the forests. ]
©ZHIYI
[ 單一的林相被改造成為多樣、復層的林地群落結構 ]
[ The mono-cultured forest was recreated for a diverse, and multi-layered forest biocoenosis. ]
©ZHIYI
[ 森林教育平台區被打造成完整的濕草甸、疏林、到濱水密林的群落系統。]
[ Forest Education Platform was designed as a full spectrum of the habitat from wet-prairie, and transition to riparian. ]
©ZHIYI
[ 濕地觀鳥平台 ]
[ Wetland Bird-Watching Platform ]
©ZHIYI
[ 濱水密林、疏林草地、與濕地區域的生態層次 ]
[ The transition between dense riparian, grassland, and wetland ecological areas. ]
不單單只是生態上的提升，廟涇河中央水廊也是文化、與社會層面上具有活力的公共空間。各類型的活動區塊按照南北兩側用地屬性與使用人群的不同展開，在居住區域的沿線布置了野餐草坪、遊戲區域、生態教育中心（有聲書屋）等功能，公共衛生間、自行車停車、休息區域等服務設施也做了完整的配套。團建場地（文明益站）、森林劇場、以及穿插在林間的架空平台，提供了鄰近教育與研究機構人群聚集、漫步與休憩的空間。環境標示系統與教育解說牌也是重要的水廊中提升公眾的環境意識，創造可持續宜居城市的重要元素。也用以傳達與延續廟涇河曾經作為飲水渠道的場所精神。
Miaojing River Corridor is designed not only for improving ecological health, but also envisions a culturally and socially vibrant public space. Program areas are placed according to the adjacent land uses. Play Areas, Picnic Lawns, Ecological Education Center are designed for nearby residential neighborhoods. They are accompanied with supportive amenities like restrooms and bike racks. Forest Amphitheater and Park Cafe along with elevated, hidden viewing platforms provide gathering and strolling opportunities for the education and research institutions nearby.
©KCID
[ 濱水森林劇場 ]
[ Ｗaterfront forest amphitheater ]
©ZHIYI
[ 社區活動草坪與濕地休憩平台 ]
[ Community Lawn and the Wetland Resting Platform. ]
©ZHIYI
[ 多樣尺度的場所與配套設施服務多樣人群的使用 ]
[ Places with various scales with amenities serve all uses for everyone ]
©KCID
[ 抬高的金屬格柵平台、金屬網護欄、與扶手整合的標示，都是低限介入的設計策略部分。]
[ Elevated metal grate platform, metal mesh railing, with integrated environmental education signages are part of the 「minimum intervention strategy」. ]
廟涇河在2022年初完成並開放後，已經成為城市中經常使用、也受到民眾喜愛的一處公共空間。社區的音樂會、城市事件與活動、日常健身、跑步、騎車愛好者的身影，在周間與周末都隨時可見。這個曾經隱身於城市的生態秘境已悄然轉身，成為在生態、社會、與文化層面服務的共享水廊。
After its completion and opened to the public in early 2022, it has become a popular, and well-utilized public space in Kunshan. Community concerts, events, daily strolling, jogging and biking are taking place both weekdays and weekends. This hidden treasure is now being embraced and shared with the public, serving the community ecologically, and culturally.
©ZHIYI
[ 廟涇河晨間跑步 ]
[ Running at Miaojing River in the mornings ]
©ZHIYI
[ 在生態當中的社區體健 ]
[ Community fitness in the ecology ]
項目團隊
Project team
業主: 崑山城市建設投資發展有限公司
Client: Kunshan City Construction Investment Development Company
合作方: 上海經緯建築規劃設計研究院 (施工圖) / Great Ecology (生態顧問)
Collaborators: LDG (construction drawings) / Great Ecology (Ecologist)
攝影: 直譯建築攝影 / 崑山城投 / PLAT
photography: ZHIYI, KCID, PLAT
PLAT團隊:
Fred Liao, Shih-Lin Lan, Kit Wang, Maggie Kao, Tiger Sui, Pao Sophanut, Angela Tang, Looknum Waiyasith, Xiaoqing Qin, Daniel Wang, Yinuo Sun, Xiangyu Li, Iris Soh, Katrina Ortiz, Ellen Orchard, Can Liu, Camille Gwise, Roulin Liu, Vera Yang, Pan Wei, Qianhu Miao, Daniel Prostak
資料來源、版權所有：PLAT景觀與都市設計