過去30年時間，要說地球上發展最快的是哪個國家，中國肯定是其中的一個，中國這種進步是有目共睹的。比如韓國全國經濟人聯合會當天發布中韓經濟、競爭力差距變化及比較分析報告，報告顯示，中國的多項經濟指標目前碾壓韓國。中韓名義GDP差距從兩國建交之初的1.4倍擴大至9倍。當然除了GDP之外，韓國在中液晶面板、造船、電池、太陽能多晶矽等多個先進產業被中方超越。在海外問答論壇Quora上，韓國網友提問道：中國是如何在30年內從一個貧窮的國家成為世界第二大經濟體的？這引起各國網友的熱議，我們看看他們的觀點。
I recently conducted a study of all countries that have developed rapidly in the past 40 years and found that they have one thing in common - foreign direct investment. All they have done is to create the best conditions to attract more global foreign direct investment (FDI).
我最近對過去40年內發展迅速的所有國家進行了一項研究，發現它們都有一個共同的之處——外國直接投資。他們所做的一切就是創造最佳條件，吸引更多的全球外國直接投資（FDI）。
You see, foreign direct investment is the key to achieving the developed status of developing countries. If only the leaders and governments of developing countries such as Africa knew this.
你看，外國直接投資是發展中國家實現發達地位的關鍵，如果非洲等發展中國家的領導人和政府知道這一點就好了。
What developing countries need to do is to create a favorable environment, make their countries friendly to foreign investment, create a superior business environment, and issue preferential support policies. In this regard, China has done an excellent job in the past 30 years.
發展中國家所需要做的就是創造一個有利的環境，使他們的國家對外國投資友好，創造優越的營商環境，頒布優惠的支持政策，在這一方面，過去30年中，中國的所作所為可謂翹楚。
As we all know, foreign direct investment (FDI) is one of the most important factors for the economic growth, growth and development of developed and developing countries, and there is almost nothing comparable.
眾所周知，外國直接投資（FDI）是發達國家和發展中國家經濟增長、維持增長和發展的最重要因素之一，幾乎沒有什麼比得上的了。
Foreign direct investment (FDI) is the investment of companies or individuals in one country in the commercial interests of another country. Generally speaking, foreign direct investment occurs when an investor establishes a foreign enterprise to operate or acquire the assets of a foreign enterprise, including the establishment of ownership or control of a foreign company.
外國直接投資（FDI）是一個國家的公司或個人對另一個國家商業利益的投資。一般來說，外國直接投資發生在投資者建立外國企業經營或收購外國企業資產時，包括建立外國公司的所有權或控制權。
As far as China is concerned, it is the second largest country to attract foreign direct investment, second only to the United States in the past few years.
就中國而言，該國是第二大吸引外國直接投資的國家，在過去幾年中僅次於美國。
In 2017-2019, China's economy ranked second in terms of attractiveness to multinational companies, second only to the United States. With the steady growth in recent years, from 2016 to 2017, the inflow of foreign direct investment continued to increase, from 133 billion US dollars to 136 billion US dollars.
2017-2019年，中國經濟對跨國公司的吸引力排名第二，僅次於美國。隨著幾年的穩步增 長，2016年至2017年，外國直接投資流入持續增加，從1330億美元增至1360億美元。
Now, let's look at the foreign direct investment of developing countries such as African countries in the past few years. In 2017, African FDI inflows accounted for only 2.9% of global FDI inflows, compared with 49.8% for developed economies, 33.3% for developing countries in Asia and 10.6% for Latin America and the Caribbean. Foreign direct investment flows to Africa decreased by 21.5% from US $53 billion in 2016 to US $42 billion in 2017. According to a report of the Brookings Institution, since 2015, the inflow of foreign direct investment in Africa has continued to decrease:
現在，讓我們看看在過去幾年中，像非洲諸國這樣的發展中國家的外國直接投資。2017年，非洲FDI流入僅占全球FDI流入的2.9%，相比之下，發達經濟體占49.8%，亞洲發展中國家占33.3%，拉丁美洲和加勒比地區占10.6%。流向非洲的外國直接投資從2016年的530億美元下降到2017年的420億美元，降幅達21.5%。布魯金斯學會的一份報告顯示，自2015年以來，非洲的外國直接投資流入量持續減少。
See: FDI inflows from Africa and the world weakened in 2017 (data this week: FDI inflows from Africa and the world weakened in 2017)
可參見：2017年非洲和全球FDI流入減弱（本周數據：2017年，非洲和全球的FDI流入減弱）
Developing countries such as Africa must seriously promote and seek foreign direct investment.
非洲等發展中國家必須認真促進和尋求外國直接投資。
You see, political and macroeconomic instability, low growth, weak infrastructure, poor governance, poor regulatory environment and poorly conceived investment promotion strategies are considered to be many reasons for the lack of foreign direct investment in developing countries. China has eliminated most of these problems in the past three decades to attract foreign direct investment.
你看，政治和宏觀經濟不穩定、低增長、基礎設施薄弱、治理不善、監管環境惡劣以及投資促進戰略構想不周等因素被認為是發展中國家外國直接投資不足的諸多原因，而中國在過去三十年中消除了大部分這些問題以吸引外國直接投資。
Even small matters such as how clean a country's cities are will affect how much foreign direct investment they can attract.
即使是像一個國家的城市有多乾淨這樣的小事，也會影響它們能吸引多少外國直接投資。
For example, people on Quora recently visited some developing countries and wrote the following evaluation on the capitals of most developing countries:
例如，quora上的人最近訪問了一些發展中國家，並就大多數發展中國家的首都寫了以下評價內容：
1. There is a serious lack of major roads in the city. There are only about five to six main roads, and all the smaller streets join these roads, which makes the traffic in the city very bad.
1）城市中嚴重缺乏主要道路。只有大約五到六條主要道路，所有較小的街道都匯入這幾條道路，這使得城市裡的交通十分糟糕。
2) The smelly open sewer is the breeding ground of disease.
2） 氣味難聞的開放式下水道是疾病的滋生地。
3) Street vendors are everywhere. You can buy things at almost all traffic lights or toll booths.
3） 到處都是街頭小販。你可以在幾乎所有紅綠燈或收費亭下買東西。
4) Many corrupt police beat drivers for bribes.
4） 很多腐敗的警察為了賄賂而毆打司機。
5) Is it possible that some guys will suddenly come out in front of the traffic lights and start cleaning your windshield without asking if you need to clean the windshield (even if someone has cleaned it at the previous traffic light), and then start asking for money.
5）是不是有 幾個傢伙會在紅綠燈前突然竄出來開始清洗你的擋風玻璃，而不詢問你是否需要清洗擋風玻璃（即使有人已經在前一個紅綠燈清洗過了），然後開始要錢。
Therefore, the simple answer is that China can make the necessary changes to attract foreign investors.
因此，簡單的答案是，中國能夠做出必要的改變，以吸引外國投資者。
Governments of developing countries that seriously attract foreign direct investment needed for sustainable development do not have to beg for investment loans from each developed country. Instead, the leadership must work hard to improve or correct the problems I mentioned above, and maintain the organization and cleanness of their cities. Foreign investors will automatically find their countries attractive to business, and then send their business investment to these countries.
認真吸引可持續發展所需的外國直接投資的發展中國家政府不必向每個發達國家乞求投資貸款，而是領導層必須努力改善或糾正我上面提到的問題，保持其城市的組織和清潔，外國投資者會自動發現他們的國家對商業有吸引力，繼而將他們的商業投資送到這些國家。
They will say that they are successful because they have a stable and capable government, a long-term vision and a willingness to succeed.
他們會說，他們之所以成功，是因為他們有一個穩定而有能力的政府，有著長期的願景和成功的意願。
1. When China opened up, its infrastructure was poor even compared with India. Therefore, it is not entirely correct to claim that China has better infrastructure and therefore develops faster than other countries such as India. China's infrastructure has improved with economic growth. It is better than other countries to create a special economic zone, test new policies there, and extend these policies to other parts of the country. In those special economic zones, they generously provided land, electricity, water and cheap and abundant labor. A large amount of foreign direct investment poured into the manufacturing industry. China's exports are growing crazily.
1.中國開放時的基礎設施甚至與印度相比都很差。因此，聲稱中國擁有更好的基礎設施，因此比印度等其他國家發展得更快，這並不完全正確。中國的基礎設施隨著經濟增長而改善。創建一個經濟特區，在那裡試驗新政策，並將這些政策推廣到全國其他地區，這是它比其他國家做得更好的地方。在那些經濟特區，他們慷慨地提供了土地、電力、水和廉價而豐富的勞動力。大量的外國直接投資湧入製造業。中國的出口瘋狂得增長。
2. China's land ownership is very different from other countries. Therefore, under the decisive decision, China's infrastructure development speed is extremely fast. Developed roads, railways, airports and seaports have completely changed the logistics situation of this country. The flow of goods, people, capital and ideas becomes possible.
2.中國的土地所有權與其他國家非常不同，因此，在果斷的決策下，中國的基礎設施發展速度極快。發達的道路、鐵路、機場和海港徹底改變了這個國家的物流狀況。貨物、人員、資本和思想的流動成為可能。
3. Cultivating better seeds, producing better fertilizers, irrigation and modern technology means increasing agricultural production, and China has changed from a country lacking in food to a country exporting food.
3.培育更好的種子、生產更好的肥料、灌溉和現代技術意味著農業產量增加，中國從一個糧食匱乏的國家變成了一個糧食出口國。
4. With the development of agriculture, manufacturing and infrastructure, the education system has also made great progress. Families invest their wealth in their children. The result is that the country continues to produce better nutrition, health, education, and responsible and successful people. The future of these children has begun to emerge. With their help, there are more and more unicorn enterprises in China (larger than those produced in the United States). Even compared with the best products from the West, Japan and South Korea, the quantity and quality of Chinese products can also be comparable, or even better.
4.隨著農業、製造業和基礎設施的發展，教育系統也取得了巨大的進步。家庭將他們的財富投入全面到子女身上。結果是這個國家不斷產出更好的營養、健康、受教育，以及有責任感和成功的人。這些孩子的未來已經開始顯現，在他們的助力下，中國的獨角獸企業越來越多（比美國生產的更大）。即使與西方或日本和韓國的最好產品相比，中國產品的數量和質量也可以媲美，甚至可以勝出。
5. The Chinese government has provided a safe environment for domestic companies, so that they will not be overwhelmed by huge foreign companies. The result has been obvious. A huge national giant has been born.
5.中國政府為國內公司提供了安全的環境，這樣他們就不會被龐大的外國公司壓垮，結果已經很明顯，巨大的全國性巨頭已經誕生。
6. The Chinese government and Chinese private companies have invested huge amounts of money in research and development. For example, Huawei's own investment in research and development accounts for one third of the UK's overall expenditure. Huawei and other companies have a clear leading position in relevant fields.
6.中國政府和中國私人公司都投入了巨額資金進行研發。例如，華為本身在研發方面的投資是英國整體支出的三分之一，華為等公司在相關領域的主導地位顯而易見。
How did China become the world's second largest economy?
中國是如何成為世界第二大經濟體的？
I worked with the Chinese manager every month and went on business in Guangdong Province for several weeks. Therefore, I have an outsider's view of China, so I can't say that I understand China's mentality and culture 100%, but I see three details that may help explain China's leading position as an economy:
我每月與中國經理一起工作，在廣東省出差了好幾個星期。因此，我對中國有一個局外人的看法，所以我不能說我100%理解中國的心態和文化，但我看到了三個細節，可能有助於解釋中國作為一個經濟體的領先地位：
Piggy bank culture
存錢罐文化
China has traditionally held a conservative attitude towards currency. People will only spend as much money as they have. So until recently, they have been saving money. Only when they have enough money to buy will they break the well-known "piggy bank".
中國傳統上對貨幣持保守態度。人們只會有多少錢花多少錢，所以直到最近，他們一直抱著存錢的心態，只有當他們有足夠的錢購買時，才會打破眾所周知的「存錢罐」。
Therefore, China tends to avoid public debt
因此，中國傾向於避開公共債務…
Their "piggy bank" mentality left them a lot of cash, and then they can invest the money into sovereign funds and become borrowers of public debt
他們的「存錢罐」心態給他們留下了大量現金，然後他們可以將這些錢投入主權基金，並成為公共債務的借貸方…
In China, people live within their means, unlike in the West, who make great strides for five credit cards every month.
在中國，人們過著量入為出的生活，不像西方那樣每個月為5張信用卡而高歌猛進。
Sovereign government
主權政府
The problem behind such nationalist movements as the Brexit of Britain or the "yellow vest" of France is the issue of sovereignty. These people rightfully asked, "Who is the sovereignty of this country?".
英國脫歐或法國「黃背心」等民族主義運動背後的問題是主權問題。這些人理直氣壯地問：「到底，這個國家的主權是誰？」。
Western democratic ideas will make us mistakenly believe that sovereignty is the people's, but the more we move forward, the more we feel that the company is the real sovereignty of the United States, and the technocrats are the real sovereignty of the European Union.
西方的民主理念會讓我們誤以為並相信主權是人民的，但我們越向前走，就越覺得公司是美國的真正主權，技術官僚是歐盟的真正主權。
In China, enterprises and technocrats are not the center of interests. The main motivation of the country is to improve the living standards of its citizens. If you think about it, China has been under the same government for more than 100 years. You don't need to adjust the policy every five years. They can plan and implement the long-term vision... just like the real long-term vision, without the need for the next manager to reverse everything. They always develop in a good direction. If you ask any Chinese whether they prefer the opportunity 50 years ago or today, I think they will choose today. Ironically, in the United States, getting a degree 50 years ago and finding the opportunity to obtain a high-quality life seem to be much better than now.
在中國，企業和技術官僚都不是利益中心。國家的主要動機是提高公民的生活水平。如果你想一想，100多年來，中國一直處於同一個政府之下。你不需要每隔5年就對政策進行一次調整，他們能夠規劃和執行長期願景……就像真正的長期願景一樣，而無需下一任管理者來扭轉一切，他們總是一直向好的方向發展。如果你問任何中國人，他們是更喜歡50年前的機會，還是今天的，我想他們會選擇今天。諷刺的是，在美國，50年前獲得學位、找到獲得高品質生活的機會似乎比現在好得多。
World Factory
世界工廠
The third factor is that China has gradually become the "factory" of the world. To be honest, they didn't force anyone to move the factory there. People were willing to move there.
第三個因素是中國逐步成為世界的「工廠」。老實說，他們沒有強迫任何人，讓他們把工廠搬到那裡，人們都是心甘情願，趨之若鶩的。
Between the 1960s and 1990s, we allowed enterprises to shift production to China, because frankly, we prefer to buy the same products at a cheaper price. If this means that they can improve the profit margin in the process, we don't mind. What we didn't realize is that while transferring production overseas, our company is basically looking for new interest points. There is still a possibility of harming the rights of workers, but as long as it doesn't directly involve us or our children, we are unlikely to complain.
在20世紀60年代和90年代之間，我們允許企業將生產轉移到中國，因為坦率地說，我們喜歡以更便宜的價格購買相同的產品，如果這樣做意味著他們可以在這個過程中提高利潤率，我們並不介意。我們沒有意識到的是，在將生產轉移到海外的同時，我們的公司基本上在尋找新的利益點，那裡仍然有可能發生傷害勞動者權利的現象，但只要不直接涉及我們或我們的孩子，我們就不太可能抱怨。
In a word, the reason why China can become the world's second largest economy may be that it has been saving money. For the past 50 years, it has been trying to improve the living standards of its citizens, and has used global trends and the greed of foreign enterprises to build its manufacturing industry.
總而言之，中國之所以能夠成為世界第二大經濟體，可能是因為它一直以來都在節約開支，過去50年來一直在努力提高公民的生活水平，並且利用全球趨勢和外國企業的貪婪來建設其製造業。
Somehow, they managed to catch up with this wave at the highest point, because for many years, the labor law and wages have been more beneficial to workers, at least in the eastern provinces of China. Now, low-end manufacturing factories are moving to cheaper provinces or cheaper countries such as Vietnam or Laos, but I don't think they have the ability to undertake such huge capacity.
不知怎麼的，他們設法在最高點趕上了這波浪潮，因為多年以來，勞動法和工資對工人更加有利，至少在中國東部各省份是如此。現在，低端製造工廠正在轉移到更便宜的省份或越南或寮國等更便宜的國家，可我不認為他們有能力承接這樣巨大的產能。