每日外刊 | 0204-著名的海豚與人類的捕魚夥伴關係正面臨消失的危險

viewworld明 發佈 2023-02-05T16:51:27.660933+00:00

Before 1998 no one knew for sure whether humans and the cetaceans were really working together or just appeared to do so—or whether one species was benefiting but not the other. It was then that scientists confirmed that this renowned example of human-wildlife cooperation does aid at least one of the participating parties: the fishers who enjoy larger catches when they join forces with dolphins. Most people believed that the dolphins were reaping rewards, too, but this hypothesis was more difficult to put to the test.

背景知識

在地球上的大多數地方,海豚給商業漁民帶來了麻煩。海豚會被漁網纏住,在這個過程中破壞漁網,也會損傷自己。然而,有一個地方,海豚和人類一起工作,以確保它們都有足夠的魚吃。今天的這篇文章帶你走進巴西拉古納的小漁村里,一起了解這種不同尋常的共生現象。


正文閱讀

A Famed Dolphin-Human Fishing partnership Is in Danger of Disappearing

著名的海豚與人類的捕魚夥伴關係正面臨消失的危險

People in Laguna proudly refer to their southern Brazilian city as the "national capital of fish-herding dolphins." For at least 140 years, artisanal fishers and bottlenose dolphins have worked together in careful synchrony to catch mullet in a lagoon there. The spectacle of nets flying through the air while dolphins dive into the murky water has become a popular attraction for tourists and is recognized by local authorities as an intangible cultural heritage.

拉古納的人們自豪地稱他們的巴西南部城市為「捕魚海豚的國家首都」。至少140年來,手工漁民和寬吻海豚一直在那裡的一個瀉湖(潟湖)上小心翼翼地同步捕撈胭脂魚。海豚潛入渾濁的水中,漁網在空中飛舞的景象已經成為吸引遊客的熱門景點,並被當地政府認定為非物質文化遺產。

Before 1998 no one knew for sure whether humans and the cetaceans were really working together or just appeared to do so—or whether one species was benefiting but not the other. It was then that scientists confirmed that this renowned example of human-wildlife cooperation does aid at least one of the participating parties: the fishers who enjoy larger catches when they join forces with dolphins. Most people believed that the dolphins were reaping rewards, too, but this hypothesis was more difficult to put to the test.

在1998年之前,沒有人確切地知道人類和鯨類是否真的在一起合作,或者只是表面上如此——或是否一個物種受益而另一個物種沒有受益。就在那時,科學家們證實,這個著名的人類與野生動物合作的例子確實幫助了至少一個參與方:當漁民與海豚合作時,漁民可以捕獲更多的魚。大多數人當時認為海豚也能獲得回報,但這個假設更難驗證。

Now scientists have finally confirmed that the benefits are indeed mutual. An exhaustive new study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA on January 30 shows that dolphins who team up with fishers gain more food and have an edge in survival, compared with those that hunt without bipedal partners. The resident population of up to 60 dolphins use their echolocation to find schools of mullet that humans otherwise would not be able to detect beneath the opaque water.

現在,科學家們終於證實,雙方合作的益處確實是相互的。1月30日發表在《美國國家科學院院刊》上的一項詳盡的新研究表明,與那些沒有跟漁民合作狩獵的海豚相比,和漁民合作的海豚獲得了更多的食物,並且在生存中具有優勢。這裡居住著多達60隻海豚,它們利用回聲定位來尋找人們在渾水下無法探測到的胭脂魚群。


今日單詞

  • famed/feɪmd/ adj. 著名的;
  • fishing/ˈfɪʃɪŋ/ n. 釣魚,捕魚;
  • partnership /ˈpɑːrtnərʃɪp/ n. 夥伴關係;合伙人身份;
  • refer to… 提到;談及;描述;涉及;
  • Brazilian/brəˈzɪliən/ adj. 巴西的;巴西人的;
  • at least 至少;
  • artisanal/ˈɑrtəzənəl/ adj. 手工藝的;
  • bottlenose/bɔtlnəuz/ n. 寬吻海豚;
  • synchrony/ˈsɪŋkrəni/ n. 同步;
  • mullet/ˈmʌlɪt/ n. 胭脂魚;
  • lagoon/ləˈɡuːn/ n. (地理)(水文) 瀉湖;環礁湖;鹹水湖;潟湖;
  • spectacle/ˈspektək(ə)l/ n. 壯觀的景象;
  • dive/daɪv/ vi. 潛水;跳水;
  • murky/ˈmɜːrki/ adj. (液體)渾濁的;
  • attraction/əˈtrækʃ(ə)n/ n. 嚮往的地方;旅遊勝地;有吸引力的事物;
  • be recognized … as 被認定為…;
  • intangible/ɪnˈtændʒəb(ə)l/ adj. (資產,利益)無形的;不可捉摸的,難以確定的;
  • for sure 確實;毫無疑問地;
  • cetacean/sɪˈteɪʃn/ n. 鯨魚;鯨類動物;
  • appear to 表面上;似乎,好像;
  • renowned/rɪˈnaʊnd/ adj. 有名望的,著名的;
  • party/ˈpɑːrti/ n.(契約或爭論的)當事人,一方;
  • join forces with 與…合作;
  • reap/riːp/ vt. 獲得,收穫;
  • hypothesis/haɪˈpɑːθəsɪs/ n. 假說,假設;(憑空的)猜想,猜測;前提;
  • put…to the test 使受考驗;使受檢驗;
  • indeed/ɪnˈdiːd/ adv. 確實,的確;實際上;真正地;
  • mutual/ˈmjuːtʃuəl/ adj. 相互的,彼此的;
  • exhaustive/ɪɡˈzɔːstɪv/ adj. 詳盡的;徹底的;全面的;
  • team up with 合作;與…結成一隊;
  • edge/edʒ/ n.(微弱的)優勢;影響力;(壞事的)邊緣,臨界點;
  • bipedal/ˌbaɪˈpiːdl; ˌbaɪˈpedl/ adj. 兩足動物的;二足的;
  • echolocation/ˌekoʊloʊˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 回波定位;回聲測距;回聲定位能力(鯨和蝙蝠等所具備得一種機能);
  • school/skuːl/ n. (魚、鯨、海豚等的)群;
  • detect/dɪˈtekt/ vt. 發現;查明;偵察出;
  • opaque/oʊˈpeɪk/ adj. 不透明的;不透光的;渾濁的;


素材來源

文本選自:The Economist(經濟學人)

作者:Unknown

原文發布時間:1 Feb. 2023


每日美句

Life is a horse, and either you ride it or it rides you.

生活若無波折險阻,就會過於平淡無奇(人生像一匹馬,你不駕馭它,它便駕馭你)。

關鍵字: