Remove the Barriers
拆除藩籬
Higher education in this country is largely for those who have the means. If those who have the means coincided entirely with those persons who have the talent we should not be squandering a part of our higher education on those undeserving of it, nor neglecting great talent among those who fail to attend college for economic reasons. There are talented individuals in every segment of the population, but with few exceptions those without the means of buying higher education go without it. Here is a tremendous waste of the greatest resource of a nation—the intelligence of its citizens.
這個國家的高等教育主要是為那些有財富的人提供的。如果那些有財富的人和那些有才華的人完全吻合，我們不應該把我們的高等教育的一部分浪費在那些不值得接受的人身上，也不應該忽視那些有才能卻因經濟原因而未能上大學的人。那些沒有能力支付高等教育費用的人都得不到接受高等教育的機會。這是對一個國家最大資源——公民智慧的巨大浪費。
If ability, and not the circumstance of family fortune, is made to determine who shall receive higher education in science, then we shall be assured of constantly improving quality at every level of scientific activity.
如果決定誰將接受高等科學教育的是能力，而不是家庭財富的情況，那麼我們就可以保證在科學活動的各個層面不斷提高質量。
The Generation in Uniform Must Not Be Lost
決不能讓軍人成為失去的一代
We have a serious deficit in scientific personnel partly because the men who would have studied science in the colleges and universities have been serving in the Armed Forces. Many had begun their studies before they went to war. Others with capacity for scientific education went to war after finishing high school. The most immediate prospect of making up some of the deficit in scientific personnel is by salvaging scientific talent from the generation in uniform. For even if we should start now to train the current crop of high school graduates, it would be 1951 before they would complete graduate studies and be prepared for effective scientific research. This fact underlines the necessity of salvaging potential scientists in uniform.
我們的科學人員嚴重不足，部分原因是本應在學院和大學學習科學，而在軍隊服役。許多人在開戰前就已經開始學習了。另外有能力接受科學教育的人在高中畢業後參加了戰爭。彌補部分科學人才短缺的最直接辦法就是是從這代軍人的人中搶救出科學人才。因為即使我們現在應該開始培養目前的一批高中畢業生，他們也要到1951年才能完成研究生學業，為有效的科學研究做好準備。這一事實突顯了在軍人中搶救潛在科學家的必要性。
The Armed Services should comb their records for men who, prior to or during the war, have given evidence of talent for science, and make prompt arrangements, consistent with current discharge plans, for ordering those who remain in uniform as soon as militarily possible to duty at institutions here and overseas where they can continue their scientific education. Moreover, they should see that those who study overseas have the benefit of the latest scientific developments.
裝部隊應梳理其記錄，查找在戰爭之前或戰爭期間有科學天賦證據的人員，並根據當前的退伍計劃，以便能在軍事條件允許的情況下，儘快令那些服役軍人前往本地或海外的研究機構，重啟他們的科學教育。此外，他們應該看到那些在海外學習的人能從最新的科學發展中受益。
A Program
一個計劃
The country may be proud of the fact that 95 percent of boys and girls of fifth grade age are enrolled in school, but the drop in enrollment after the fifth grade is less satisfying. For every 1,000 students in the fifth grade, 600 are lost to education before the end of high school, and all but 72 have ceased formal education before completion of college. While we are concerned primarily with methods of selecting and educating high school graduates at the college and higher levels, we cannot be complacent about the loss of potential talent which is inherent in the present situation.
我國的五年級男孩和女孩的入學率達到了95%，這一點頗讓人自豪，但五年級後開始下降的入學率卻無法讓人滿意。每1000名五年級學生中有600人在高中畢業前就失去了受教育機會，只有72個人能夠將其正規教育延續至大學畢業。雖然我們主要關心的是選拔高中畢業生以及在大學和更高層次教育他們的方法，但潛在人才流失的現狀確實無法讓我們歡喜。
Students drop out of school, college, and graduate school, or do not get that far, for a variety of reasons: they cannot afford to go on; schools and colleges providing courses equal to their capacity are not available locally; business and industry recruit many of the most promising before they have finished the training of which they are capable. These reasons apply with particular force to science: the road is long and expensive; it extends at least 6 years beyond high school; the percentage of science students who can obtain first-rate training in institutions near home is small.
學生輟學、上大學和研究生退學，或者沒有走到那麼遠，原因有很多：當地沒有合適的中學和大學；他們負擔不起繼續接受教育的費用；許多有前途的人本可以完成他們能勝任的學業，但商業和產業界卻提早給他們提供了就業崗位。還有些原因對科學培養造成干擾：科學學習道路漫長而昂貴，高中畢業後至少學習六年；能夠在附近機構獲得一流培訓的理科學生比例很小。
Improvement in the teaching of science is imperative; for students of latent scientific ability are particularly vulnerable to high school teaching which fails to awaken interest or to provide adequate instruction. To enlarge the group of specially qualified men and women it is necessary to increase the number who go to college. This involves improved high school instruction, provision for helping individual talented students to finish high school (primarily the responsibility of the local communities), and opportunities for more capable, promising high school students to go to college. Anything short of this means serious waste of higher education and neglect of human resources.
必須改進科學教學；對於潛在的學生科學能力尤其容易受到中學教學失敗的影響喚醒興趣或提供適當的指導。擴大有必要增加上大學的人數。這包括改進高中教學，提供幫助有才華的學生完成高中學業的措施（主要由當地社區負責），以及為更有能力、有前途的高中學生提供上大學的機會。如果沒有這一點，就意味著高等教育的嚴重浪費和人力資源的浪費。
To encourage and enable a larger number of young men and women of ability to take up science as a career, and in order gradually to reduce the deficit of trained scientific personnel, it is recommended that provision be made for a reasonable number of (a) undergraduate scholarships and graduate fellowships and (b) fellowships for advanced training and fundamental research. The details should be worked out with reference to the interests of the several States and of the universities and colleges; and care should be taken not to impair the freedom of the institutions and individuals concerned.
為了鼓勵和使更多有能力的青年男女從事科學職業，並逐步減少訓練有素的科學人員的短缺，建議提供合理數量的（a）本科生獎學金和研究生獎學金，以及（b）高級培訓和基礎研究金。詳細情況應參照幾個州以及大學和學院的利益制定，需要注意的是不要損害有關機構和個人的自由。
The program proposed by the Moe Committee would provide 24,000 undergraduate scholarships and 900 graduate fellowships and would cost about $30,000,000 annually when in full operation. Each year under this program 6,000 undergraduate scholarships would be made available to high school graduates, and 300 graduate fellowships would be offered to college graduates. Approximately the scale of allowances provided for under the educational program for returning veterans has been used in estimating the cost of this program.
科學人才發現和發展委員會提議的這項計劃將提供24000名本科生獎學金和900名研究生獎學金，在全面運作時，每年將花費約3000萬美元。根據這一計劃，每年將向高中畢業生提供6000份本科生獎學金，並向大學畢業生提供300份研究生獎學金。在估算這項計劃的成本時，大約使用了教育計劃中為退役軍人提供的津貼規模。
The plan is, further, that all those who receive such scholarships or fellowships in science should be enrolled in a National Science Reserve and be liable to call into the service of the Government, in connection with scientific or technical work in time of war or other national emergency declared by Congress or proclaimed by the President. Thus, in addition to the general benefits to the nation by reason of the addition to its trained ranks of such a corps of scientific workers, there would be a definite benefit to the nation in having these scientific workers on call in national emergencies. The Government would be well advised to invest the money involved in this plan even if the benefits to the nation were thought of solely—which they are not—in terms of national preparedness.
此外，該計劃還規定，所有獲得此類科學獎學金或研究金的人都應進入國家科學儲備隊，並有義務在戰爭時期或國會宣布或總統宣布的其他國家緊急狀態下從事科學或技術工作，為政府服務。因此，除了由於增加了這樣一支受過訓練的科學工作者隊伍而給國家帶來的一般利益之外，在國家緊急情況下讓這些科學工作者隨叫隨到也是國家之幸。政府最好投資這項計劃所涉及的資金，不僅僅為了國家的將來，但就為了國家國防利益也是值得的。