孫權與鄂州的不解之緣
A Close Bond between Sun Quan and Ezhou
楚天都市報極目新聞記者 趙德龍
實習生 陳瀟彤 范甜甜
翻譯: 黃曉雯 方健琦 樊坤銘（湖北大學）
Jimu News Reporter: Zhao Delong
Interns: Chen Xiaotong, Fan Tiantian
Translators: Huang Xiaowen, Fang Jianqi, Fan Kunming(Hubei University)
湖北省鄂州市濱江公園，一座總高11.8米的孫權像背靠長江，一手執劍，一手指向前方，向世人昭示著他與鄂州的不解之緣。
The city of Ezhou, located in Hubei Province, is home to a magnificent statue of Sun Quan. Standing at an impressive height of 11.8 meters, the statue depicts Sun Quan with his back facing the mighty Yangtze River. In one hand, he holds a sword while the other points forward, symbolizing his unbreakable connection with Ezhou. This stunning monument serves as a testament to Sun Quan's legacy and his deep ties to the city.
歷史上吳王孫權定都鄂州，取名武昌，寓意「以武而昌」，故鄂州又稱「吳王古都」，而鄂州與武昌相關的，還有武昌樓、武昌山、武昌魚、武昌觀，乃至今天還有道路以武昌命名。
Throughout history, Sun Quan - also known as the King of Wu - played a significant role in shaping Ezhou's cultural significance. Sun Quan designated Ezhou as the capital city and aptly named it Wuchang, which denotes 「prosperity through military strength」. As such, Ezhou is often referred to as 「the ancient capital of the King of Wu」. The city's rich history is evident in its landmarks, including Wuchang Tower, Wuchang Mountain, Wuchang Fish, and Wuchang Temple. Even today, roads in the region bear the name Wuchang, serving as a nod to the town's enduring legacy.
孫權定都鄂州後，給當地社會經濟帶來迅猛發展，也留下豐富的歷史遺蹟，吸引後世文人墨客前來賦詩打卡。近日，極目新聞記者探訪鄂州西山、吳王城、武昌山等多處遺址，追尋三國時期孫權在鄂州的崢嶸歲月。
Following Sun Quan's decision to settle in Ezhou, the town witnessed significant development, resulting in a thriving society and economy. In addition to its economic prosperity, Ezhou boasts a plethora of historical landmarks and scenic spots that have attracted writers and scholars throughout history to pen poems there. Recently, a reporter visited several prominent sites in Ezhou, including Xishan Mountain, Wuwang City, and Wuchang Mountain, with the goal of tracing Sun Quan's impactful presence during the Three Kingdoms period. These sites serve as fascinating glimpses into the past and offer visitors a unique opportunity to connect with the history of this culturally significant region.
孫權大帝給鄂州改了名字
Emperor Sun Quan renamed Ezhou
鄂州舊稱吳都、古武昌。吳王城遺址便位於鄂州市武昌大道南面、江家東巷西側。據碑文介紹：吳王城平面呈長方形，東西長1100米，南北寬500米。
Ezhou, which was previously known as Wudu and is the former Wuchang, has a significant historical past. The ruins of Wuwang City, located south of Wuchang Avenue and west of Jiangjiadong Lane in Ezhou City, serve as evidence of this rich history. According to its inscriptions, Wuwang City boasts a rectangular plan that measures 1,100 metres in length from east to west and 500 metres in width from north to south.
湖北省考古研究院研究員、湖北理工學院特聘教授陳樹祥介紹，吳王城是帝都，占地800畝，考古發現吳王城的城牆、護城河很明顯，吳王城東、西、南三面城牆用夯土築成，現南城垣的中段尚有部分保存在地面上，垣基寬達22米，高出城垣外地面4米至6米不等，在城的西、南城垣外側，發現了城壕遺蹟。
Chen Shuxiang, a researcher at Hubei Archaeological Research Institute and a distinguished professor at Hubei Polytechnic University, has introduced Wuwang City as the imperial capital that covered an area of 800 mu. Archaeological findings reveal that the walls and moats of Wuwang City were clearly visible. The eastern, western, and southern walls were constructed with rammed earth. The central section of the southern wall is still partially preserved on the ground, with the base of the wall measuring 22 meters wide and ranging from 4 to 6 meters above the ground outside the wall. The remnants of trenches were discovered on the exterior of the western and southern walls of the city.
黯淡了刀光劍影，遠去了鼓角錚鳴。
The brilliance of blades and the resounding of trumpets have faded into the distance.
歷史的硝煙散去，昔日的吳王城，現如今已成了居民小區。遺址碑文旁有涼亭和廣場，大媽們在涼亭中打撲克，大爺們在廣場上談天下棋。
As the smoke of history has dissipated, the former Wuwang City has transformed into a residential community. Adjacent to the inscriptions of the site is a pavilion and a square where middle-aged women play ping pong, while the men gather to play chess in the square.
問起三國演繹的故事，大爺來了興致，聲如洪鐘講道，「《三國演義》天天看，我們現在住的地方，當年就是吳王城……」棋盤上，楚河漢界兩端，已然擺開陣勢……
When asked about the Three Kingdoms' legendary tales, an elderly man could not conceal his enthusiasm, his voice rung out out like a flood of bells as he spoke. 「I watch The Romance of the Three Kingdoms every day. We are currently living in the city that used to be the King of Wu's stronghold back then...」 as the chessboard was set up and they began to battle under the chess game of Chu River and Han Border.
公元221年4月，孫權自公安遷都鄂縣，取「以武而昌」之意，將鄂縣改名武昌。次年，孫權在此地稱吳王，沿用漢代鄂縣舊城址修築武昌城。
During April of the year 221 AD, Sun Quan relocated his capital from Gongan to E County, giving it a new name, Wuchang, which signified 「prosperity through military strength」. The subsequent year saw Sun Quan assume the title of King of Wu and construct Wuchang City upon the foundation of the older E County dating back to the Han Dynasty.
「賴我大皇，發聲明；虎臣雄烈，周與程；破曹烏林，顯彰功名。」這是三國時期東吳軍隊高唱的軍歌《伐烏林》，唱的是赤壁之戰。
「With my regal decree as the foundation stone,
And loyal subjects standing firmly by my throne,
Zhou and Cheng, noble warriors of renown,
With their valor, added brilliance to our crown,
At Wulin, where our triumph was famously known,
Our victory shone bright, like a sun fully blown,
Crushing Cao's army's hopes and dreams, in one swift quest,
Our glory etched in history, forever to attest.」
This is a historical military anthem that was sung by the army of the Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period, titled 「The Felling of the Wulin.」 It commemorates the famous Battle of Chibi and is a testament to the bravery and valor displayed by the soldiers on the battlefield.
公元208年，曹操率大軍到東吳，以孫權、周瑜為首的東吳集團，聯合劉備，運用詐降、火攻等多種戰術，打敗曹操大軍，創造了中國軍事史上以弱勝強的著名戰例。
In the year 208 A.D., Cao Cao marched his army towards Eastern Wu. Eastern Wu, under the leadership of Sun Quan and Zhou Yu, allied with Liu Bei to combine various tactics, including false surrender and fire attack, to achieve a remarkable victory over Cao Cao's army. This historic battle serves as a prime example in Chinese military history of defeating a stronger opponent with calculated strategy and resourcefulness.
赤壁之戰後，孫、劉聯姻，孫權借荊州給劉備。劉備奪取益州後實力大增，成為孫吳生存與發展的威脅。孫、劉集團從各自的戰略出發，圍繞荊州的歸屬，雙方矛盾急劇上升。
After the Battle of Chibi, Sun Quan and Liu Bei formed a strategic alliance and Sun Quan graciously lent Jingzhou to Liu Bei. However, when Liu Bei later seized Yizhou, his power and influence grew substantially, becoming a significant threat to the survival and development of Sun Quan's Eastern Wu. As a result, tensions between the two factions began to escalate, particularly in regards to the ownership of Jingzhou, leading to further conflicts and disputes.
此後，東吳呂蒙襲殺關羽奪回荊州，劉備舉大軍伐吳，正是在此背景下，孫權「自公安都鄂」，並將鄂州改名武昌。
After that, Lv Meng of Eastern Wu led an attack against Guan Yu and was successful in reclaiming Jingzhou. It was during this time that Sun Quan made the decision to rename Ezhou as Wuchang, in recognition of the city's strategic and symbolic importance.
西山每寸土地都有名人腳印
Xishan Mountain Bears the Footprints of Renowned Figures
孫權為武昌做的第二件事，便是吸引後世文人墨客到訪鄂州。吳王古都西邊有一座山，名叫西山，古稱樊山。西山位於長江中游南岸，北臨長江，與黃州赤壁相望。
After renaming Ezhou Wuchang, Sun Quan made it his mission to attract literary figures to the city. To achieve this, he drew attention to Xishan Mountain, a mountain located to the west of the ancient capital of Wuwang, and formerly known as Fanshan. Situated on the south bank of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, Xishan Mountain is flanked by the river to the north and offers stunning vistas of Huangzhou and Chibi.
「西山是國家4A級風景區，就在市區，很方便。成年人來回一趟，要一個小時。我一星期最少來三趟。」鄂州市民陳先生說。
「Xishan Mountain is a nationally recognized 4A-level scenic area that boasts a prime location within the city. With a round trip time of only one hour for an adult, it's really accessible. I come here at least three times a week」, said Mr. Chen, a longtime resident of Ezhou City.
在陳先生看來，西山算鄂州的靈魂所在，孫權在武昌定都後，在西山留下多處遺蹟，後唐朝的元結、李白，宋朝的秦觀、蘇軾、黃庭堅等人都到此遊覽賦詩，寫下了不少千古絕唱，幾乎每寸土地都覆蓋了名人腳印。
According to Mr. Chen, Xishan Mountain is the heart and soul of Ezhou. Upon settling in Wuchang, Sun Quan left behind an abundance of relics within the area. Numerous renowned figures have visited the site throughout history, including Yuan Jie and Li Bai of the Tang Dynasty, and Qin Guan, Su Shi, and Huang Tingjian of the Song Dynasty. These poets wrote numerous famous pieces while visiting the site, seemingly imprinting their footsteps on every inch of the land.
西山不算高，山道兩旁是綠樹，即便在炎炎夏日，也會有清涼之感。山腰有一座涼亭，名叫黃武亭。據介紹：公元222年，孫權在「夷陵之戰」大勝後，在武昌稱王，自定年號「黃武元年」，大赦天下。建立此亭，彰顯吳王威風，雄視宇內。
Xishan Mountain may not be tall, but its winding green paths offer a refreshing and cool respite from the summer heat. Alongside the trails sits a gazebo known as Huang Wu pavilion. Legend has it that in 222 AD, following Sun Quan's success in the Battle of Yiling, he declared himself Emperor of Wuchang and designated his reign as the 「Huangwu」 era, granting amnesty to offenders. The pavilion was constructed to showcase the grandeur of Emperor Wu and the magnificence of Wuchang.
「西湖每滴水都是文化，西山每寸土都是歷史。」鄂州市文化名人盧本濤說，三國時期，孫權、劉備、周瑜等都上過此山，彼時的西山，像歷史大舞台，各路豪傑在此交相輝映。
Lu Bentao, a prominent cultural figure in Ezhou City, once said that every drop of water in West Lake represents its culture, and every inch of the West Mountain is steeped in history. During the Three Kingdoms period, Sun Quan, Liu Bei, and Zhou Yu all ascended the mountain which was likened to historical a stage where the greatest heroes and heroines of the time met and interacted.
山頂武昌樓是三國時期東吳軍事瞭望塔，後人叫它武昌樓。登樓遠眺，萬里長江滾滾東流，鄂州黃州盡收眼底。
At the mountain's summit stands Wuchang Tower, once utilized as a military watchtower by Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period. Over time, it became known by this name. Climbing to the top of the tower rewards visitors with panoramic views of the rolling Yangtze River and the cityscape of Ezhou, with Huangzhou visible in the distance.
如今的武昌樓，是1998年為重現吳王避暑宮原貌而遷建的吳王避暑宮建築群中的一座標誌性建築，樓門橫額上飄逸的「武昌樓」三個大字，是郭沫若的手跡。
Today, Wuchang Tower stands as a celebrated landmark within the Wuwang Summer Palace complex. In 1998, the palace was relocated to restore its original splendor, and the building itself features the famous calligraphy of Guo Moruo, with the three imposing characters of 「Wu Chang Lou」 inscribed across the entrance's pediment.
「昔日吳王避暑宮，三分割據各稱雄。黃岡對峙沉雲黑，赤壁鏖兵兩岸紅。半嶺石岩曾試劍，中流砥柱有蟠龍。」晚清名臣官文寫下這首詩，不僅再現了當年的歷史，更讓孫權的雄才大略躍然紙上。
「In the days of old, the King of Wu sought refuge in his summer palace,
As three powers waged war and claimed control over the Jiangnan region.
Tensions ran high in Huanggang, the air thick with an oppressive sense,
And heavy clouds that hung low, suffocating the populace.
At Chibi, the fierce battle raged with unchecked fury,
Till the waters of the river below turned crimson with blood.
On a mountain midway, a tale of swordplay unfolded with grace,
While in the river's heart lay a pillar with dragon scales coiled in embrace.」
The poem, written by the renowned late Qing minister Guan Wen, not only vividly depicts the historical events of that era but also masterfully captures Sun Quan's ambitious spirit on paper.
孫權造就武昌「銅鏡之鄉」美譽
Sun Quan credited for establishing Wuchang as renowned 「birthplace of bronze mirrors」
在鄂州還有一座山，原名虎山，公元221年孫權從公安揮師到鄂縣駐軍虎山，遂改虎山為武昌山。
In Ezhou, there is another notable mountain that was initially named Hushan Mountain. However, in 221 AD, when Sun Quan relocated from Gongan County to E County and established his base at Hushan Mountain, it was renamed Wuchang Mountain.
關於山名的來歷，還有個傳說。據傳當年吳王孫權從公安率部遷途鄂縣時，途經虎山（現武昌山）腳下，將士們長途跋涉，疲倦勞累，加之天氣十分炎熱，個個饑渴難耐。吳王下令休息，尋找水源。忽見一隻金雞從林中竄出，繼而重入密林深處鳴啼。吳王聞聲尋去，只見金雞站立處，清泉從洞口流出。吳王大喜道「蒼天有靈，神雞佑我也」，朝金雞跪拜後暢飲之。孫權和將士們飲用泉水後恢復了元氣，忙命將士們上山安營紮寨，修建亭台樓閣，從此屯兵養馬，操練三軍，並用「以武而昌」之意命名了武昌山、武昌門、武昌縣……
There is a legend surrounding the origin of the mountain's name. It is said, when Sun Quan, the King of Wu, led his troops from Gongan to E County, they passed by the foot of Hushan Mountain, which is now known as Wuchang Mountain. The long journey and intense heat left the soldiers exhausted, hungry, and thirsty. Sun ordered them to rest and search for water, and it was then that a golden rooster suddenly darted out of the forest, crowing before disappearing again. Upon hearing this sound, Sun went to investigate and discovered the golden rooster standing there, with a clear spring flowing from a cave nearby. Overjoyed, he exclaimed, 「There is a divine spirit in the heavens, and the golden rooster has blessed us!」 After bowing to the golden rooster, Sun and his soldiers drank from the spring and regained their vitality. Sun Quan then instructed his soldiers to camp and build pavilions on the mountain, where he planned to station troops, raise horses, and train the three armies. He then renamed the locations Wuchang Mountain, Wuchang Gate, and Wuchang County, which carry the connotation 「prosperity through military strength」.
武昌山上有吳王寨，傳說清代曾有五個綠林高手在山上立寨，故又名「五王寨」，山下居民也習慣稱武昌山為「五王山」。武昌山上還有一座道觀名為武昌觀，乃近代重修，原名白衣庵。
Located on Wuchang Mountain is a village known as Wuwang Village, which is also referred to as 「Five Kings Village」 due to the five martial arts experts who founded it during the Qing Dynasty. The villagers living at the foot of the mountain also commonly refer to Wuchang Mountain as 「Five Kings Mountain.」 Additionally, there is a Taoist temple on the mountain called Wuchang Temple, previously known as Bai Yi An before undergoing renovations in modern times.
據《鄂州文化簡史》一書介紹，東漢末年，鄂縣戶口不足萬戶，市野蕭條。孫權遷都武昌後，下令從建業（今南京）「移民千家」來武昌。
According to the book A Brief Introduction of Ezhou City Culture, during the late Eastern Han Dynasty, E County had a population of less than 10,000 households and a slow market. When Sun Quan relocated his capital to Wuchang, he ordered over a thousand residents from Jianye (now Nanjing) to migrate to Wuchang.
建業移民大多是王親貴族、富豪之家，也有大量能工巧匠，他們將南方的工匠技術、特別是青銅鑄造工藝帶到了武昌。這一舉措既增加了武昌的人口，又輸入了長江下游先進的生產力和文化，使得武昌的經濟社會迅猛發展。
The majority of immigrants from Jianye were royal relatives, nobles, and wealthy individuals, as well as a significant number of skilled craftsmen who brought with them the southern craft of bronze casting techniques to Wuchang. As a result of this migration, Wuchang not only saw an increase in its population, but it also imported advanced productivity and culture from the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, thus contributing to the rapid development of its economy and society.
三國時期鄂州稱武昌，與洛陽、會稽、徐州並稱為全國四大產銅、鑄鏡中心。鄂州有2500餘年鑄鏡史，出土的銅鏡居全國之首，據不完全統計，迄今為止鄂州已出土了六七百面古銅鏡。其中，以漢三國六朝時期銅鏡數量最多，也成就了鄂州「古銅鏡之鄉」的美譽。
During the Three Kingdoms period, Ezhou city was known as Wuchang and was considered one of the four major centers for copper production and mirror casting in the country, alongside Luoyang, Kuaiji, and Xuzhou. Ezhou has a history of casting mirrors dating back over 2500 years, and it has unearthed the largest quantity of bronze mirrors in the country. To date, six to seven hundred ancient bronze mirrors have been excavated in Ezhou, with the majority found to have originated from the Han Dynasty, Three Kingdoms, and Six Dynasties periods. As a result, Ezhou has gained the reputation of being the 「hometown of ancient bronze mirrors.」
一千多年以後，當年的武昌城幾度更名，有了如今的美名鄂州市，「武昌」則成為武漢的市轄區。鄂州與武漢地相鄰、水相依、人相親、路相通、產相融，隨著今年跨行政區域的《武漢新城規劃》正式發布，以武鄂黃黃為核心的武漢都市圈縱深推進，以及花湖機場加快釋放貨運樞紐功能，兩地雙城故事將迎來新篇章。
Over a thousand years later, the former Wuchang city underwent several name changes before finally being bestowed with the beautiful name of Ezhou city, while the name 「Wuchang」 now refers to present-day Wuchang district, a municipal district of Wuhan city. In reality, Ezhou city and Wuhan city are adjacent to each other and connected through waterways, people, roads, and commerce. This year, with the official release of the Wuhan City New Planning initiative spanning administrative regions, the Wuhan metropolitan area with Wu-E Huang Huang (including Wuhan, Ezhou, Huanggang, and Huangshi) as its core is being promoted. Additionally, the Huahu Airport is accelerating its efforts to serve as a vital freight hub. As such, the future holds the promise of a new chapter in the shared story of Ezhou city and Wuhan city.
（來源：極目新聞）
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