英文法律文書中commit一詞的用法
APPLICATION OF THE WORD COMMIT IN ENGLISH LEGAL INSTRUMENTS
commit這個動詞包含有「使承擔義務」或「使遭到某一重大行動的影響」的概括意義，但是派生出很多複雜的具體釋義。
（1）作為及物動詞，比較簡單明了的一個釋義，就是「犯（某罪行）」。
【例如】commit murder犯殺人罪 / commit adultery通姦/ commit blasphemy犯褻瀆罪 / About 17 percent of all crime in 1938 was committed by people under 21. 1938年全部犯罪案大約有百分之十七是未滿二十一歲的人犯的。但是也可以指犯的不是罪行而只是錯誤或不當。【例如】commit a stupid blunder犯一個愚蠢的錯誤 / commit needless errors犯不必要的失誤。其中一個較為特別的用法是commit suicide自殺。
（2）作為及物動詞，較為捉摸不定的另一個釋義，就是「交付」、「付之」（後有to介詞短語）（體味其含義，可以參考中文的「付諸流水」、「付諸實施」、「付之一炬」、「付之一笑」、「付梓」、「付郵」等用語），而賓語所代表的事物，總是要遭受到某種決定性重大行動的影響。
【例如】She committed all the letters to the flames. 她把所有信件付諸一炬。
You'll need these figures so often that you must commit them to memory.
這些數字你是會常常用上的，所以你應該記住（付諸記憶）。
He committed his troubles to oblivion.
他把自己的麻煩置諸腦後（付諸遺忘）。
He held his tongue and committed his thoughts to paper only.
他一言不發，有什麼想法都只是寫在紙上（付諸筆墨）。
He was loath to commit sensitive information to paper.
他很不喜歡把敏感信息付諸筆墨。
Maria would commit the list to the official page in clean, precise writing.
利亞就會把這個表格用清晰準確的字體寫進正式的填寫單上。
He was committed to trial.
他被交付審判。
They committed him to prison.
他們把他關進監獄裡。
He's been committed to a private psychiatric hospital in Newark.
他已經被送到了紐瓦克的一所私人精神病院。
（3）與此相類似的一個釋義，是「將（某人或某事物）交託（另一人）負責（正面的）照料或（負面的）處理」。
【例如】commit the management of an estate to an agent
委託一個代理人管理產業。
on landing in Boston in 1872, my father and I were able safely to commit our trunk to the expressman. (Santayana)
1872年在波士頓上岸時，我父親和我把行李箱安全交託給了運送員。
She committed her son to the tutor's care.
她把兒子交託給家庭教師照料。
（4）與此相類似的另一個釋義，就是直接賓語代表某人，commit是使該人承擔某責任、義務或任務（to something）。
【例如】One of the strengths of church wedding is that it commits two whole families to the support of the marriage.
在教堂舉行婚禮的一個好處，就是使得雙方全體家人都表態支持這門親事。
That would commit us to the purchase. 這樣做，我們就會有義務非買不可。
The pact commits both nations to mutual assistance.
根據協定，兩國有互助的義務。
To commit oneself to something指自己承擔某種責任或義務。【例如】I can't commit myself to that. 我不能承諾這樣做。
The candidate has not committed himself on this question.
候選人沒有就這個問題表明態度。
They want to experiment with computers without committing themselves to any capital expenditure.
他們想用電腦進行試驗，而又不承擔任何投資支出。
She had committed herself to helping him.
她已經承擔了幫助他的義務。
Lisa and Bruce had committed themselves to summer jobs away from home.
里薩和布魯斯已經安排了暑期離家干一些活。
如果不說to something，單說commit oneself，則意思是「表態」以及隨之而來的「承擔義務」。【例如】He wouldn't commit himself. 他不願意表態。（可以參考形容詞noncommittal「不置可否」。）
（5）如果直接賓語所代表的不是人而是資源或力量，commit something to something就是「將（某物）用於（某事）」的意思。
【例如】to commit troops to Afghanistan派兵前往阿富汗
The company must commit its entire resources to the project.
該公司必須將全部資金投入這個項目中去。
We're committing our blood to the battlefield.
我們正在把自己的鮮血投入戰場。
We committed years and resources to this cause.
我們為了這個事業投入了多年的時間和許多資源。
commit的過去分詞committed作為形容詞，意思是「被占用」、「有任務」。
【例如】The truck is committed today. 卡車今天已經有任務。
（6）to commit somebody/something to something意思是「使得（某人或某事物）負起（某個負擔）」。
【例如】Carbon dioxide already in the atmosphere commits the world to sea levels rising an average of up to 4.6 feet.
大氣層中已有的二氧化碳，使得世界上的海平面升高平均可達4.6英尺。
（7）to be committed to可以是「堅守（某一承諾或某一觀點）」或「對某事負有義務」的意思（屬表示延續狀態的第一類動詞）。
【例如】I'm committed to help him.我有義務要幫助他。
He was committed to his view on the Iraq issue. 他堅持他在伊拉克問題上的觀點。
He was committed to his own version of evolutionism. 他堅守自己那個版本的進化論。committed也可以演變成為純粹的形容詞。
【例如】a committed Marxist堅定的馬克思主義者
On land, human beings may be committed agriculturists, but in the sea they remain largely hunter-gatherers—albeit hunter-gatherers with industrialized fleets equipped with satellite and radar.
在陸地上，人類可能是堅定的務農主義者，但是在海上他們仍然主要是狩獵採集業者，儘管這樣的狩獵採集業者擁有配備衛星和雷達的工業化船隊。
（8）但是commit也可以作為不及物動詞，相當於commit oneself。
【例如】When you commit to war, you commit to a situation where you don't always have control.
你一打起仗來，就要應付一個你不一定總是控制得了的局面。
（9）更多的例句
Neither Party shall have the authority to in any way bind or commit the other Parties to any obligations other than in accordance with these Articles.
除根據本章程外，任何一方均無權以任何方式使其他各方受任何義務的約束或代其他各方承諾任何義務。
None of the Parties shall have the authority to in any way bind or commit the other Parties to any obligations other than in accordance with these Articles.
除根據本章程外，任何一方均無權以任何方式使其他各方受任何義務的約束或代其他各方承諾任何義務。
for the period of [two] years after Completion employ, solicit, entice away or attempt to employ, solicit or entice away from the Purchaser any of the Transferring Employees whether or not such person would commit a breach of contract by reason of leaving such employment;
在成交後〔兩〕年的期間內，從買方雇用、招攬或試圖雇用、招攬調任雇員或誘使或試圖誘使任何調任雇員離開買方，不論該人會否因離開上述職務而違約；
incur or commit to incur any capital expenditures in excess of RMB 20 million individually or RMB 80 million in the aggregate, other than in the ordinary course of business or pursuant to a business plan approved by the Board prior to the date of this Contract and disclosed to the Purchaser;
發生或承諾發生單項超過人民幣兩千萬元或累計超過人民幣八千萬元的任何資本支出，在正常業務進程中的或符合本合同日期之前經董事會批准並已披露給買方的業務計劃的除外；
Neither Party shall have the authority to in any way bind or commit the other Party to any obligations other than in accordance with this Contract.
除根據本合同外，任何一方均無權以任何方式使另一方受任何義務的約束或代另一方承諾任何義務。
during the subsistence of this Agreement and for the period of [ ] months/years after it ceases to hold Shares it will not either on its own account or in conjunction with or on behalf of any other person, firm or company employ, solicit or entice away or attempt to employ, solicit or entice away from [the Company] [any member of the Group] any person who is or shall have been at the date of or within one year prior to such cesser an officer, manager, consultant or employee of [the Company] [any member of the Group] whether or not such person would commit a breach of contract by reason of leaving such employment;
在本協議持續期間並在其停止持有股份後〔 〕個月／年內，其將不會為其本身或與任何個人、商行或公司或代表任何個人、商行或公司從公司或集團的任何成員招攬或騙取或試圖招攬或騙取任何人員旳光顧，而該等人員在上述停止之前一年內的任何時間是或已是〔公司〕〔集團的任何成員〕的高級人員、經理、顧問或雇員〕，無論該人員是否因上述離職而違約。
Nothing contained or implied in this Agreement shall constitute or be deemed to constitute a partnership or agency between the Parties and save as expressly agreed herein none of the Parties shall have any authority to bind or commit any other Party.
本協議並無載有或默示任何條款構成或當作為構成各方之間的合夥或代理關係；除本協議另有明示協議外，各方均無任何權力約束任何其它一方或使任何其它一方作出任何承諾。
solicit or entice away (or attempt to do so) any employee of Employer, whether or not such person would commit a breach of his employment contract by the reason of his departure.
從僱主處拉攏或誘離（或試圖拉攏或誘離）僱主的任何雇員，無論該等員工是否會因離職而違反其勞動合同。
None of the Parties shall have the authority to in any way bind or commit the other Parties to any obligations other than in accordance with these Articles.
除根據本章程外，任何一方均無權以任何方式使其他各方受任何義務的約束或代其他各方承諾任何義務。
for the period of [two] years after Completion employ, solicit, entice away or attempt to employ, solicit or entice away from the Purchaser any of the Transferring Employees whether or not such person would commit a breach of contract by reason of leaving such employment;
在成交後〔兩〕年的期間內，從買方雇用、招攬或試圖雇用、招攬調任雇員或誘使或試圖誘使任何調任雇員離開買方，不論該人會否因離開上述職務而違約；
incur or commit to incur any capital expenditures in excess of RMB 20 million individually or RMB 80 million in the aggregate, other than in the ordinary course of business or pursuant to a business plan approved by the Board prior to the date of this Contract and disclosed to the Purchaser;
發生或承諾發生單項超過人民幣兩千萬元或累計超過人民幣八千萬元的任何資本支出，在正常業務進程中的或符合本合同日期之前經董事會批准並已披露給買方的業務計劃的除外；
Neither Party shall have the authority to in any way bind or commit the other Party to any obligations other than in accordance with this Contract.
除根據本合同外，任何一方均無權以任何方式使另一方受任何義務的約束或代另一方承諾任何義務。
during the subsistence of this Agreement and for the period of [ ] months/years after it ceases to hold Shares it will not either on its own account or in conjunction with or on behalf of any other person, firm or company employ, solicit or entice away or attempt to employ, solicit or entice away from [the Company] [any member of the Group] any person who is or shall have been at the date of or within one year prior to such cesser an officer, manager, consultant or employee of [the Company] [any member of the Group] whether or not such person would commit a breach of contract by reason of leaving such employment;
在本協議持續期間並在其停止持有股份後〔 〕個月／年內，其將不會為其本身或與任何個人、商行或公司或代表任何個人、商行或公司從公司或集團的任何成員招攬或騙取或試圖招攬或騙取任何人員旳光顧，而該等人員在上述停止之前一年內的任何時間是或已是〔公司〕〔集團的任何成員〕的高級人員、經理、顧問或雇員〕，無論該人員是否因上述離職而違約。
Nothing contained or implied in this Agreement shall constitute or be deemed to constitute a partnership or agency between the Parties and save as expressly agreed herein none of the Parties shall have any authority to bind or commit any other Party.
本協議並無載有或默示任何條款構成或當作為構成各方之間的合夥或代理關係；除本協議另有明示協議外，各方均無任何權力約束任何其它一方或使任何其它一方作出任何承諾。
solicit or entice away (or attempt to do so) any employee of Employer, whether or not such person would commit a breach of his employment contract by the reason of his departure.
從僱主處拉攏或誘離（或試圖拉攏或誘離）僱主的任何雇員，無論該等員工是否會因離職而違反其勞動合同。
The Franchisee will have the right to participate in the 「Golden Tulip」 purchasing program. If the Franchisee chooses to do so, then it will commit to buy from the dedicated suppliers of 「Golden Tulip」 purchasing program a minimum amount of Euro 25,000.
9.5 被特許人有權參與金色鬱金香的採購計劃。如果被特許人決定參與採購活動，必須承諾向金色鬱金香採購計劃供貨商至少購買倆萬伍仟歐元（Euro25,000）的貨品。
where a Party has committed an act of breach, and the non-defaulting Party decides to terminate the CJV Contract; provided that, if the defaulting Party has taken remedial measures or corrected its breach within 60 days upon receipt of a written notice of default from the non-defaulting Party, the CJV Contract shall not be terminated;
合作一方發生違約行為，而未違約方選擇終止本合同，但是，如違約方在接到未違約方給他的違約書面通知後60天內對違約行為採取了補救或改正措施，則不予終止；
When the Company dismisses or does not renew the engagement of the accounting firm, it shall give the accounting firm 60 days』 prior notice. The accounting firm has the right to state its opinions thereon to the Shareholders』 General Meeting. If the accounting firm believes that the Company’s grounds for dismissing it or not renewing its engagement are not justified, it may file a complaint with the China Securities Regulatory Commission and The Chinese Institute of Certified Public Accountants. If the accounting firm submits a request to be discharged from its engagement, it shall explain to the Shareholders』 General Meeting whether the Company has committed any irregularities.
公司解聘或者不再續聘會計師事務所時，提前六十天事先通知會計師事務所，會計師事務所有權向股東大會陳述意見。會計師事務所認為公司對其解聘或者不再續聘理由不當的，可以向中國證監會和中國註冊會計師協會提出申訴。會計師事務所提出辭聘的，應當向股東大會說明公司有無不當情事。
Where the general manager or deputy general manager has abused his/her power for personal gains or has committed an act of malpractice or gross misconduct, such person may be removed and replaced at any time after a resolution relating such dismissal is passed by the Board. In the event that the general manager or the deputy general manager is also a director, he or she shall not vote on the resolution relating to his/her dismissal to be passed by the Board. The employment or dismissal of other employees of the JV Company shall be determined by the general manager in accordance with the rules on employment and dismissal of employees of the JV Company.
總經理、副總經理有營私舞弊或嚴重失職的，經董事會會議決議可隨時撤換及取代。但總經理或副總經理本身亦為董事時，在董事會通過對其撤換之決議時，不得參與表決。合資公司其他職工之聘任及解僱由總經理根據合資公司的職工招聘及解僱規則辦理。
Neither the Vendor, nor any person for whose acts or defaults the Vendor may be vicariously liable, has committed any criminal offence or any tort or any breach of legislation, regulation or other requirement having force of law, relating to the Business.
賣方沒有，而且賣方可能須為任何人的作為或失責而承擔法律責任的該人亦沒有，觸犯關於業務的任何刑事罪行，或作出關於業務的任何侵權行為，或違反關於業務的任何法例、規例或其它具有法律效力的規定。
Details of all contracts or commitments for capital or development expenditure, or other expenditure not in the ordinary course of business, entered into or committed during the last [two] years or currently outstanding.
過去〔兩〕年中訂立或作出的，或目前尚未完結的，有關資本開支或發展開支或其它非正常業務營運中的開支的所有合約或承諾的詳情。
In the event that a breach of this Contract is committed by one of the Parties to this Contract, the Party in breach shall be liable for any economic damages incurred by the other Party due to such breach. In the event that a breach of this Contract is committed by both of the Parties to this Contract, each Party shall be liable in proportion to the extent of its responsibility for such breach for any economic damages incurred by the other Party due to such breach.
如果本合同雙方中一方違約，則違約方應對另一方因上述違約而發生的任何經濟損害賠償負責。如屬本合同雙方違約，則每一方應按其違約的責任比例對另一方因上述違約發生的經濟損害賠償承擔責任。
if the other Party has committed a material breach of this Contract, and such breach is not cured within ninety (90) days of receipt of written notice of such material breach from the non-breaching party (in this case, only the non-breaching Party may terminate this Contract);
另一方已實質性地違反本合同，而且在收到非違約方關於該實質性違反的書面通知起九十 (90) 日內並未糾正該違反（在這種情況下，只有非違約方可以終止本合同）；
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this clause 2, the Recipient may disclose Confidential Information and/or reveal the existence and substance of the Parties』 discussions and evaluations in relation to the Proposed Project on a confidential basis to its officers, directors, employees, consultants, advisors, bankers, agents and representatives of its subsidiaries and affiliates, provided that the obligations set out in this Agreement will be deemed to apply to them in the same manner as to the Recipient and the Recipient will be held liable for any breach of any such obligation committed by any of them to the same extent as if committed by the Recipient.
儘管本第 2 條有任何相反的規定，但接受方可將保密資料和（或）雙方就擬議項目進行討論和評估一事及其實質內容，在保密的基礎上披露給其高級職員、董事、雇員、顧問、銀行、代理人及其子公司和關聯公司的代表；但條件是，本協議規定的義務將視為以適用於接受方的相同方式適用於他們，而且接受方將對他們任何一方違反任何該等義務而承擔責任，承擔的程度如同接受方違反該等義務一樣。
Songjiang Forte has not committed any breach of any Tax laws of the PRC, has no Tax liability, or is under no circumstance which is likely to result in any Tax liability.
松江復地未曾違反任何中國稅收法律，不存在任何稅收責任或可能引致稅收責任的情況。
Songjiang Forte has paid Social Insurance in full for its employees and has committed no breach of any laws of the PRC on Social Insurance.
松江復地全額為其員工繳納社會保險，未違反任何中國社會保險法律。
Songjiang Forte has never committed any breach of any laws, regulations or requirements concerning environmental protection and has obtained the Permits in connection with environmental protection.
松江復地從未違反任何與環境保護有關的法律、法規或要求，並已獲得與環境保護有關的許可。
Currently with offices and branches in major cities, and a solid track record of participation and success in several of China's recent infrastructural projects and financial markets, the Investor’s target is to strive towards an increased presence in China. The Investor is committed to remaining a partnership in line with China's growth and development.
目前投資方在大城市都設有辦事處和分支機構，並在參與中國近期的一些基礎設施項目和金融市場中取得了良好的業績和成功。投資方的目標是力求擴大在中國的業務。投資方致力於保持與中國的增長和發展相一致的合作關係。
Alcoa is a leading producer in the aluminum industry of the world, produces various aluminum products, and is committed to provide specialized parts and components for industrial products. Alcoa serves the aerospace, automotive, packaging, building and construction, commercial transportation industries and industrial market. In addition to aluminum products and components, Alcoa also has packaging business ranging from plastic bottle closures to Reynolds consumer products, and Baco household wraps. Alcoa’s vision is to be the worlds』 best supplier, employer, and investment choice – the best company in the world. Currently, the company is listed in global Fortune 500 business and its subsidiaries are located in 39 countries and regions, with more than 130,000 employees.
美鋁是世界鋁業的領先生產者，生產各種鋁產品，致力於為工業產品提供專業零部件。美鋁服務於航空、汽車、包裝、建築和施工、商業運輸業和工業市場。除了鋁產品和部件外，美鋁還擁有從塑料瓶蓋到Reynolds消費品及Baco家用膜等的包裝業務。美鋁的目標是成為世界最佳供應商、僱主和投資目標——世界最佳公司。目前，該公司被列入全球財富500強，其子公司遍布39個國家和地區，員工達130,000多人。
In the event that a breach of contract committed by a party to this Contract results in the non-performance of or inability to fully perform this Contract, the liabilities arising from the breach of contract shall be borne by the party in breach as provided in this Contract. In the event that a breach of contract is committed by more than one party, each breaching party shall bear its individual share of the liabilities arising from the breach of contract.
如果本合同某方違約以致本合同並未履行或不能充分履行，違約引起的責任應按本合同規定由違約方承擔。如果超過一方違反本合同，每一違約方應各自承擔其違約引起的那部分責任。
has committed an act of gross misconduct or abused his/her power for personal gains, which has caused substantial damage to the interests of the Company;
雇員嚴重失職，營私舞弊，對公司利益造成重大損害；
has committed a material breach of this Contract;
雇員嚴重違反本合同；
Employer may suspend the duties of Employee if he/she is subject to an investigation of any disciplinary or legal matter, in which case Employer shall pay Employee appropriate wage or living allowances in accordance with applicable PRC laws and regulations. If the investigation reveals that Employee has committed any disciplinary or legal offence, Employer shall be entitled to terminate this Contract pursuant to Article 8.2 above.
若雇員受到任何紀律或法律調查，僱主有權中止該雇員的職務，但僱主應根據中國相關法律法規支付適當的工資或生活補助。若調查表明該雇員從事了任何違紀或違法行為，僱主有權根據上述第8.2條解除本合同。
The parties are committed to growing the joint venture enterprise in the future in its current lines of business. The parties realize that funding growth may involve both debt and equity increases according to financing plans developed in the future. The parties agree to cooperate and support future growth. If one party elects not to invest in future growth, it will not frustrate additional equity funding by the other side, and ownership ratios may be adjusted accordingly provided that that parties can find a mutually acceptable way to ensure continued economic benefits for the party that is to be diluted.
合營雙方致力於將來在其當前經營範圍內發展合營企業。雙方認識到，上述發展所需的融資可能涉及根據將來制訂的融資計劃，增加債務和股權。雙方同意合作並支持未來發展。如果一方選擇不對未來發展進行投資，該方將不會阻撓另一方的額外股權出資，並且所有權比例可作相應調整，但條件是雙方找到一個彼此可以接受的方法，確保股權減少的一方的經濟利益能得到繼續。