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今天小編為大家帶來「信息系統開發課程筆記（二）|信息系統開發概述（2）」，歡迎您的訪問。
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Dear you, this is LearningYard Academy.
Today I bring you "Information Systems Development Course Notes (2) | Overview of Information Systems Development (2)", welcome to visit.
1
信息系統的類型
信息系統按信息系統用戶類別可分為前端信息系統和後端信息系統。前端信息系統是指支持延伸到企業客戶的業務功能的信息系統；後端信息系統是指支持組織內部業務運行並直達供應商的信息系統。按照提供的功能，服務組織的層次，信息系統可分為事務處理系統，管理信息系統，辦公自動化系統，知識工作系統，決策支持系統，經理信息系統。
Information systems can be divided into front-end information systems and back-end information systems by information system user category. Front-end information systems are information systems that support business functions that extend to corporate customers; back-end information systems are information systems that support business operations within the organization and reach suppliers directly. According to the functions provided, the level of the service organization, information system can be divided into transaction processing system, management information system, office automation system, knowledge work system, decision support system, and manager information system.
2
事務處理系統
事務處理系統是操作層的系統，主要完成信息的捕獲，生成，存儲和傳遞等任務，支持企業業務中例行的，常規性的事務活動。主要處理結構化問題，處理步驟很固定，主要操作就是排序，列表，更新，使用的運算是簡單的加減乘除運算，使用人員是操作人員。
典型的事務處理系統包括超市pos系統，教務信息系統，航空公司訂票系統，收支帳目系統，工資管理系統，訂單錄入系統，存貨控制系統，圖書管理系統等。
主要特點：支持日常運作，處理大量數據，精度要求高，邏輯關係簡單，重複性強，支持多用戶。
Transaction processing systems are operational layer systems that capture, generate, store and deliver information to support routine and regular transaction activities in the enterprise business. The main operations are sorting, listing, and updating, and the operations used are simple addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, and are performed by operators.
Typical transaction processing systems include supermarket pos system, teaching information system, airline booking system, income and expenditure account system, payroll management system, order entry system, inventory control system, book management system, etc.
Main features: support daily operation, handle large amount of data, high accuracy requirement, simple logical relationship, high repeatability, support multi-user.
3
管理信息系統（MIS）
廣義的管理信息系統泛指應用於管理的信息系統。狹義的理解是組織中為管理人員提供定期的，預先定義好內容與格式的，經過匯總的信息的報表。管理信息系統的輸入主要來自於組織內的各種事務處理系統。
主要特點：管理信息系統支持操作層和管理控制層的結構化決策；管理信息系統一般是面向報表和控制的，提供對業務工作的日常控制；管理信息系統提供的報表缺乏靈活性，不能任意定義報表的內容和格式；管理信息系統是針對內部的而不是外部的；信息需求是已知和穩定的。
Broadly speaking, management information systems refer to information systems used for management purposes. In a narrower sense, it is understood as a report that provides managers in an organization with regular, pre-defined content and formatted, summarized information. The input to the MIS comes mainly from the various transaction processing systems in the organization.
Main features: MIS supports structured decision making at the operational and management control levels; MIS is generally report and control oriented, providing daily control of operational work; MIS provides reports that lack flexibility and cannot arbitrarily define the content and format of reports; MIS is for internal rather than external; information requirements are known and stable.
4
事務處理系統和管理信息系統的區別
事務處理系統：面向數據，以處理數據為核心；針對某一職能製成一個獨立系統；處理詳盡的數據。
管理信息系統：面向信息，以生成有用信息為核心；包括各職能子系統，還包括上層系統；處理綜合性的指標，趨勢性的信息。
Transaction processing system: data-oriented, with data processing as the core; made into a separate system for a certain function; handles detailed data.
Management information system: information-oriented, with the generation of useful information at its core; includes functional subsystems and also upper-level systems; deals with comprehensive indicators, trend information.
5
決策支持系統（DSS）
決策支持系統是輔助決策者通過數據，模型和知識，以人機互動方式進行半結構化或非結構化決策的計算機應用系統。與事務處理系統相比有模型。
主要特點：支持決策者進行決策分析並做出決策，而不是代替決策者進行決策；可用於各種結構化程度的問題，但重點在於半結構化問題；可對各層管理進行支持，但重點在於較高層次，這個層次的問題結構性最差；主要應用數據和模型進行決策分析，對結果進行優化和分析；人機互動。
Decision support systems are computer applications that assist decision makers in making semi-structured or unstructured decisions through data, models and knowledge in a human-computer interactive manner. There are models compared to transaction processing systems.
Main features: supports decision makers in decision analysis and making decisions rather than replacing them; can be used for various levels of structured problems, but the focus is on semi-structured problems; can support all levels of management, but the focus is on the higher level, which has the least structured problems; mainly applies data and models for decision analysis and optimizes and analyzes the results; human-computer interaction.
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