#大學英語聽力#
A woman who urinates alcohol without having consumed any is the first person to be diagnosed with 「urinary auto-brewery syndrome」.
一個沒有喝過任何酒就小便的女人是第一個被診斷為「尿液自動釀造綜合徵」的人。
The condition is caused by yeast in the bladder, which ferments sugar in urine to produce alcohol.
這種情況是由膀胱中的酵母菌引起的，酵母菌將尿液中的糖發酵成酒精。
The 61-year-old, who has requested anonymity, has diabetes and liver cirrhosis, and was recommended a liver transplant.
這位不願透露姓名的61歲老人患有糖尿病和肝硬化，並被建議進行肝移植。
But repeated tests found alcohol in her urine.
但反覆檢測發現她的尿液中含有酒精。
Even though the woman denied drinking any alcohol, she was taken off the waiting list for a donor organ, and was instead referred for treatment for alcohol abuse, says Kenichi Tamama at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Presbyterian Hospital in Pennsylvania, where the woman later moved.
賓夕法尼亞州匹茲堡大學醫學中心長老會醫院(University Of Pittsburgh Medical Center Presbyterian Hospital)的田玉健一(Kenichi Tamama)表示，儘管這名女子否認飲酒，但她還是被從等待捐贈器官的名單上除名，轉而接受酗酒治療。該女子後來搬到了該醫院。
Doctors there again found alcohol in her urine, but further tests revealed that there was no alcohol in her blood.
那裡的醫生再次在她的尿液中發現了酒精，但進一步的檢測顯示，她的血液中沒有酒精。
Stumped, the doctors asked Tamama, a pathologist at the hospital, to investigate.
醫生們不知所措，請醫院的病理學家Tamama進行調查。
As Tamama conducted some basic tests, he found that the woman’s urine contained yeast.
當Tamama進行一些基本測試時，他發現這名女子的尿液中含有酵母。
「That’s not unusual,」 he says.
「這並不罕見，」他說。
But because the woman’s poorly controlled diabetes meant that she had a lot of sugar in her urine, Tamama wondered if the yeast might be fermenting this sugar to produce alcohol.
但由於這名婦女的糖尿病控制不善，這意味著她的尿液中含有大量糖分，Tamama懷疑酵母是否會發酵這些糖分來生產酒精。
To find out, he separated portions of urine that contained lots of yeast and portions with barely any yeast in them.
為了找出答案，他將含有大量酵母的尿液和幾乎沒有酵母的尿液分離出來。
He also added a compound that blocks fermentation to some of the batches, before leaving them all in the lab overnight.
他還在一些批次中加入了一種阻止發酵的化合物，然後將它們全部留在實驗室過夜。
「Even before the incubation we noticed the alcohol smell of the specimen,」 says Tamama.
「甚至在孵化之前，我們就注意到了樣本的酒精氣味，」Tamama說。
「The next day, the smell had intensified.」
「第二天，氣味變得更濃了。」
In the urine with high amounts of yeast, the alcohol level had increased from 40 to 800 mg/dL. Considering that the test used by the hospital detects alcohol at concentrations of 20 mg/dL, that is an extreme amount, says Tamama.
在酵母含量較高的尿液中，酒精含量從40 mg/dL增加到800 mg/dL。Tamama說，考慮到醫院使用的檢測方法檢測出濃度為20 mg/dL的酒精，這是一個極端的量。